There are many anti-mold and anti-bacterial agents available on the market, such as benzoic acid and calcium propionate. How should they be correctly used in feed? Let me take a look at their differences.

Calcium propionate and benzoic acid are two commonly used feed additives, mainly used for preservation, anti-mold and antibacterial purposes to extend the shelf life of feed and ensure the health of animals.

1. calcium propionate

Formula: 2(C3H6O2)·Ca

Appearance: White powder

Assay: 98%

Calcium Propionate in Feed Applications

Functions

• Mold & Yeast Inhibition: Effectively suppresses the growth of molds, yeasts, and certain bacteria, making it particularly suitable for feeds prone to spoilage in high-moisture environments (e.g., grains, compound feeds).
• High Safety: Metabolized into propionic acid (a natural short-chain fatty acid) in animals, participating in normal energy metabolism. It has very low toxicity and is widely used in poultry, swine, ruminants, and more.
• Good Stability: Unlike propionic acid, calcium propionate is non-corrosive, easier to store, and mix uniformly.

Applications

• Commonly used in livestock, poultry, aquaculture feed, and pet food. The recommended dosage is typically 0.1%–0.3% (adjust based on feed moisture and storage conditions).
• In ruminant feed, it also acts as an energy precursor, promoting rumen microbial growth.

Precautions

• Excessive amounts may slightly affect palatability (mild sour taste), though less than propionic acid.
• Ensure uniform mixing to avoid localized high concentrations.

CAS No.:65-85-0

Molecular formula: C7H6O2

Appearance：White crystal powder

Assay:  99%

Benzoic Acid in Feed Applications

Functions

• Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial: Inhibits bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli) and molds, with enhanced efficacy in acidic environments (optimal at pH <4.5).
• Growth Promotion: In swine feed (especially piglets), it lowers intestinal pH, suppresses harmful bacteria, improves nutrient absorption, and boosts daily weight gain.
• Metabolism: Conjugated with glycine in the liver to form hippuric acid for excretion. Excessive doses may increase liver/kidney burden.

Applications

• Primarily used in swine (notably piglets) and poultry feed. The EU-approved dosage is 0.5%–1% (as benzoic acid).
• Synergistic effects when combined with propionates (e.g., calcium propionate) for enhanced mold inhibition.

Precautions

• Strict Dosage Limits: Some regions cap usage (e.g., China’s feed additive regulations limit to ≤0.1% in piglet feed).
• pH-Dependent Efficacy: Less effective in neutral/alkaline feeds; often paired with acidifiers.
• Long-Term Risks: High doses may disrupt gut microbiota balance.

Comparative Summary & Blending Strategies

Regulatory Notes

• China: Follows Feed Additive Safety Guidelines—benzoic acid is strictly limited (e.g., ≤0.1% for piglets), while calcium propionate has no strict upper limit.
• EU: Permits benzoic acid in swine feed (≤0.5–1%); calcium propionate is widely approved.
• Trend: Some manufacturers prefer safer alternatives (e.g., sodium diacetate, potassium sorbate) over benzoic acid.

Key Takeaways

1. For Mold Control: Calcium propionate is safer and versatile for most feeds.
2. For Bacterial Control & Growth: Benzoic acid excels in piglet feed but requires strict dosage.
3. Optimal Strategy: Combining both (or with other preservatives) balances mold inhibition, antimicrobial action, and cost efficiency.