Amagobolondoiyisixhumanisi esidingekayo sokukhula kwama-crustaceans.I-Penaeus vannamei idinga i-molt izikhathi eziningi empilweni yayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezinga lokukhula komzimba.

Ⅰ, Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kaPenaeus vannamei

Umzimba kaPenaeus vannamei kufanele uncibilike ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ufeze inhloso yokukhula.Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingu-28 ℃, izimfanzi ezisencane ziyamolt kanye emahoreni angama-30 ~ 40;Izimfanzi ezisencane ezinesisindo esingu-1 ~ 5g molt kanye ezinsukwini ezi-4 ~ 6;Imidambi engaphezu kuka-15g ngokuvamile i-molt kanye njalo emavikini ama-2.

Ⅱ, Ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu ezimbalwa kanye nezimbangela zokubola

1. Izimpawu eziningana zenkathi yokubola

Igobolondo le-shrimp liqinile kakhulu, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-iron skin shrimp".Inesisu esingenalutho noma isisu esisele.Alikwazi ukubona kahle umgudu wamathumbu, umbala obala ebusweni bomzimba ujulile, futhi umbala ophuzi wanda kakhulu.Ikakhulukazi, izinhlangothi zombili ze-operculum zimnyama, zibomvu futhi ziphuzi, ama-gill filaments avuvukele, amhlophe, aphuzi futhi amnyama, futhi izinyathelo nezinyawo zimbozwe amabala abomvu.Uhlaka lwe-hepatopancreas lucacile, aluvuvukalanga noma lune-atrophic, futhi uhlaka lwendawo yenhliziyo alucacile futhi lunodaka oluphuzi.

2. Ngokuvamile ama-shrimp ane-ciliates amaningi

Igobolondo le-shrimp liyisikhumba esiphindwe kabili, esingasuswa ngokusonta isikhumba ngobumnene.Isikhumba sintekenteke kakhulu, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izimfanzi zesikhumba esikabili" noma "Crispy Shrimp".Izacile, ine-melanin eyengeziwe emzimbeni, ivuvukele kanye nezilonda zemicu yegill, ikakhulukazi ephuzi nemnyama.Amathumbu angenalutho nesisu, amandla abuthakathaka.Ukulala unganyakazi ngasechibini noma ukuzulazula emanzini, okubonisa izimpawu ze-hypoxia.Izwela izinguquko zemvelo, ngoshintsho oluncane kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokufa.

3. Inqubo ye-molting ebushelelezi ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:

1) Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, kubhekiselwa enkathini kusukela ekupheleni kokuncibilika kokugcina kuya ekuqaleni kwe-molting elandelayo.Isikhathi siyahlukahluka kuye ngobude bomzimba, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-12 neziyi-15.Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Penaeus vannamei waqongelela ukudla okunomsoco, ikakhulukazi i-calcium.

2) Molting, imizuzwana embalwa kuphela imizuzu engaphezu kweyishumi.I-Molting idla amandla amaningi.Uma izimfanzi zibuthakathaka noma zishoda kokudla okunomsoco emzimbeni, zivame ukubola ngokungaphelele futhi zenze igobolondo elinezingqimba ezimbili.

3) Ngemva kokubola, kubhekisela esikhathini lapho isikhumba esisha sishintsha sisuka esithambile siye esiqinile, futhi isikhathi singaba yizinsuku ezi-2 ~ 1.5 (ngaphandle kwezithombo zezimfanzi).Ngemva kokuba igobolondo elidala seliyehlisiwe, igobolondo elisha alikwazi ukubala ngesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela lenze "imfanzi yegobolondo elithambile".

4. Ukuwohloka kwezinga lamanzi kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo

Ukuwohloka kwezinga lamanzi kuvame ukwenzeka emachibini anombala wamanzi aminyene kakhulu, futhi ukubonakala obala kucishe kube yiziro.Kukhona amafilimu kawoyela kanye nenani elikhulu lama-algae afile emanzini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona ukuqhuma kwephunga elinuka inhlanzi emanzini.Ngalesi sikhathi, ulwelwe lwanda ngobuningi, futhi umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini ugcwala kakhulu emini;Ebusuku, inani elikhulu le-algae liba into edla umoya-mpilo, okuholela ku-oksijini encibilikisiwe ephansi phansi echibini, okuthinta ukuphakelwa kwezimfanzi nokuncibilika.Isikhathi eside, igobolondo liqinile kakhulu.

5. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nobuthi obungaphandle bungabangela ukuncibilika okungavamile kwezimfanzi, okuphinde kube yisici sokwakheka "kwezimfanzi zesikhumba esikabili" kanye "nezimfanzi zegobolondo elithambile".

Ⅲ, Ukubaluleka kwei-calcium supplementationngesikhathi sokuncibilika kukaPenaeus vannamei:

I-calcium egcinwe emzimbeni wezimfanzi ilahleka kakhulu.Uma izwe langaphandle lingenezelwa ngesikhathi, uPenaeus vannamei akakwazi ukumunca i-calcium enikezwa umzimba wamanzi, okulula ukubangela ukuhluleka kwe-shrimp molting.Isikhathi segobolondo eliqinile ngemuva kokuncibilika side kakhulu.Uma ihlaselwa amagciwane noma icindezelekile ngalesi sikhathi, kulula kakhulu ukufa ngamaqoqo.Ngakho-ke, kufanele sengeze i-calcium emzimbeni wamanzi ngezindlela zokwenziwa.I-Shrimp ingakwazi ukumunca i-calcium namandla emzimbeni wamanzi ngokuphefumula nokungena komzimba.

I-Potassium diformate +i-calcium propionateukusiza inzalo yamanzi kanye ne-calcium supplement ayikwazi ukusiza kuphela i-penaeus vannamei ukuba i-molt ngokushelelayo, kodwa futhi ivimbele amagciwane futhi imelane nokucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise izinzuzo zokulima izimfanzi.