I-surfactants yiklasi yezinto zekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso.

Baneempawu zokunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu wolwelo kunye nokuphucula amandla okunxibelelana phakathi kolwelo kunye nokuqinileyo okanye igesi.

I-TMAO, i-Trimethylamine oxide, i-dihydrate, i-CAS NO.: 62637-93-8, i-agent esebenzayo engaphezulu kunye ne-surfactants, inokusetyenziswa kwizinto zokuhlamba.

Ii-oxidants ezibuthathaka ze-TMAO

I-Trimethylamine oxide, njenge-oxidant ebuthathaka, isetyenziselwa ukuphendula kweekhemikhali zokwenziwa kwe-aldehydes, i-oxidation ye-organic boranes, kunye nokukhululwa kwe-ligands ye-organic kwi-iron carbonyl compounds.

•  Ubume be-surfactants

I-surfactants yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: amaqela e-hydrophilic kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic.Iqela le-hydrophilic liqela le-polar elenziwe ngeeathom ezifana ne-oksijini, i-nitrogen, okanye i-sulphur ene-hydrophilic.Amaqela e-Hydrophobic ngamalungu e-hydrophobic, ahlala equlunqwe ngamaqela angekho kwi-polar afana ne-alkyl ye-long-chain okanye amaqela anevumba elimnandi.Esi sakhiwo sivumela i-surfactants ukuba isebenze kunye namanzi kunye nezinto ze-hydrophobic ezifana neoli.

•  Indlela yokusebenza kwee-surfactants

Ii-surfactants zenza umaleko wemolekyuli kumphezulu wolwelo, owaziwa njengomaleko we-adsorption.Ukuqulunqwa kwe-adsorption layer kubangelwa ukubunjwa kweebhondi ze-hydrogen phakathi kwamaqela e-hydrophilic yee-molecule ze-surfactant kunye ne-molecule yamanzi, ngelixa amaqela e-hydrophobic asebenzisana nomoya okanye i-oyile molecule.Lo maleko we-adsorption unokunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu wolwelo, okwenza kube lula ukuba ulwelo lumanzise umphezulu oqinileyo.

Ii-surfactants zisenokwenza izakhiwo ze-micelle.Xa umdibaniso we-surfactant ugqitha ugxininiso olubalulekileyo lwe-micelle, iimolekyuli ze-surfactant ziyazihlanganisa zenze ii-micelles.IiMicelles zizinto ezincinci ezingqukuva ezenziwe ngamaqela e-hydrophilic ajongene nesigaba samanzi kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic ajonge ngaphakathi.I-Micelles inokufaka izinto ze-hydrophobic ezifana neoli kwaye zisasazeke kwisigaba samanzi, ngaloo ndlela zifezekisa i-emulsifying, i-dispersing, kunye nemiphumo yokuchithwa.

• Imimandla yokusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants

1. I-arhente yokucoca: I-surfactants iyona nxalenye ephambili yokucoca, enokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi, okwenza kube lula ukuba amanzi amanzi kwaye angene, ngaloo ndlela aphucula umphumo wokucoca.Umzekelo, ii-agent zokucoca ezifana ne-detergent kunye ne-dishwashing detergent zonke zinee-surfactants.

2. Iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu: I-surfactants inokwenza iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ezifana ne-shampoo kunye nejeli yeshawari ivelise amagwebu atyebileyo, ibonelela ngeziphumo ezilungileyo zokucoca kunye nokucoca.

3. Izinto zokuthambisa: Ii-surfactants zidlala indima ekufakeni imifuziselo, ekusasazeni nasekuzinziseni izithambiso.Umzekelo, i-emulsifiers kunye ne-dispersants kwi-lotion, i-cream cream kunye ne-cosmetics zi-surfactants.

4. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nezongezelelo kwezolimo: Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwi-surfactants zinokuphucula ukumanzi kunye nokungeneka kwezibulali zinambuzane, ziphucule i-adsorption yazo kunye nefuthe le-permeation, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kwezibulali-zinambuzane.

5. Ishishini le-petroleum kunye neekhemikhali: Ii-surfactants zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezifana nokutsalwa kweoli, inaliti yamanzi e-oilfield, kunye nokwahlula amanzi e-oyile.Ukongeza, ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-lubricant, i-rust inhibitors, i-emulsifiers, kunye nezinye iindawo.

Isishwankathelo:

Ii-surfactants luhlobo lwezinto zekhemikhali ezikwaziyo ukunciphisa ukuxinezeleka komphezulu wolwelo kunye nokuphucula intsebenziswano phakathi kolwelo kunye nokuqinileyo okanye igesi.Ukwakhiwa kwayo kuqulethwe ngamaqela e-hydrophilic kunye ne-hydrophobic, anokwenza i-adsorption layers kunye nezakhiwo ze-micelle.I-surfactants isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiarhente zokucoca, iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu, izithambiso, izibulala-zinambuzane kunye nezongezo zezolimo, i-petroleum kunye namashishini ekhemikhali, kunye namanye amacandelo.Ngokuqonda imigaqo yeekhemikhali ye-surfactants, sinokuqonda ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye neendlela zokwenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.