ʻO ka ʻōhū ʻanahe loulou pono no ka ulu ʻana o nā crustaceans.Pono ʻo Penaeus vannamei e molt i nā manawa he nui i kona ola e kū i ke kūlana o ka ulu kino.

Ⅰ、 Molting ruls of Penaeus vannamei

Pono ke kino o Penaeus vannamei molt i kēlā me kēia manawa i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka ulu.I ka 28 ℃ ka mahana o ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe nā ʻōpae ʻōpio i hoʻokahi manawa i 30 ~ 40 mau hola;ʻO nā ʻōpae ʻōpiopio ke kaupaona ʻana he 1 ~ 5g molt hoʻokahi i 4 ~ 6 mau lā;ʻO ka paʻakai ma luna o 15g e hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 pule.

Ⅱ、 Ka nānā 'ana i kekahi mau hō'ailona a me nā kumu o ka molting

1. He mau hōʻailona o ka wā molting

He paʻakikī loa ka pūpū o ka ʻōpae, i kapa ʻia ʻo "iron skin shrimp".He ʻōpū ʻole a i ʻole ka ʻōpū koena.ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻike maopopo i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hohonu ka puaʻa ma ka ʻili o ke kino, a piʻi nui ka puaʻa melemele.ʻO ka mea nui, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a melemele nā ​​ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka operculum, pehu nā filament gill, keʻokeʻo, melemele a ʻeleʻele, a uhi ʻia nā ʻanuʻu a me nā wāwae i nā kiko ʻulaʻula.Akaka ka outline o ka hepatopancreas, ʻaʻole pehu a atrophic, a ʻaʻole maopopo a ʻeleʻele melemele ka outline o ka puʻuwai.

2. He nui nā ciliates i ka ʻōpae

ʻO ka pūpū o ka ʻōpae he ʻili papalua, hiki ke wehe ʻia ma ka wili mālie ʻana i ka ʻili.He palupalu loa ka ʻili, i kapa ʻia ʻo "double skin shrimp" a i ʻole "Crispy Shrimp".He lahilahi ia, me ka nui o ka melanin ma ka ʻili o ke kino, ka pehu a me ka ʻeha o nā filament gill, ʻo ka hapa nui he melemele a ʻeleʻele.ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū, nāwaliwali ke ola.E moe mālie ana ma ka loko wai a i ʻole e holoholo ana ma luna o ka wai, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia.Pilikino i nā loli kaiapuni, me nā loli liʻiliʻi a me ka piʻi nui o ka make.

3. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana molting maʻemaʻe i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu:

1) Ma mua o ka molting, pili ia i ka manawa mai ka hopena o ka molting hope a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka molting aʻe.Hoʻololi ka manawa e like me ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ma waena o 12 a 15 mau lā.I loko o kēia manawa, ʻo Penaeus vannamei ka mea i hōʻiliʻili nui i ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka calcium.

2) Molting, he mau kekona wale nō a ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau minuke.ʻO ka molting ka nui o ka ikehu.Inā nāwaliwali ka ʻōpae a nele paha i ka ʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o ke kino, ʻaʻole i piha ka ʻōpae a hana ʻia he pūpū papalua.

3) Ma hope o ka molting, pili ia i ka manawa e hoʻololi ai ka ʻili hou mai ka palupalu a paʻakikī, a ʻo ka manawa ma kahi o 2 ~ 1.5 mau lā (koe wale nā ​​​​lāʻau ʻōpae).Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka pūpū kahiko, ʻaʻole hiki i ka pūpū hou ke hoʻopā i ka manawa, no laila ua hana ʻia he "ʻōpae palupalu".

4. ʻO ka emiʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka nele i ka meaʻai ke kumu nui o ka maʻi

ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai i loko o nā loko wai me ka mānoanoa o ka wai, a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ka ʻike.Aia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni aila a me ka nui o nā limu make ma luna o ka ʻili wai, a i kekahi manawa he poha ka ʻala iʻa ma ka ʻili wai.I kēia manawa, hoʻonui nui nā algae, a ʻo ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka ʻili wai e hoʻonui ʻia i ka lā;I ka pō, lilo ka nui o nā algae i mea e hoʻohana ai i ka oxygen, e hopena ai i ka oxygen dissolved haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka loko, e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana a me ka molting.No ka manawa lōʻihi, paʻakikī loa ka pūpū.

5. Hiki i ka mutation climatic a me ka toxin exogenous ke hoʻoulu i ka molting abnormal o ka ʻōpae, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka "ʻili ʻili pālua" a me ka "'ōpae palupalu".

Ⅲ、 Mea nui ohoʻonui calciumi ka molting o Penaeus vannamei:

Nalo loa ka calcium i mālama ʻia i loko o ke kino ʻōpae.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka honua o waho i ka manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā Penaeus vannamei ke komo i ka calcium i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kino wai, he mea maʻalahi ke kumu o ka hiki ʻole o ka molting ʻōpae.He lōʻihi loa ka manawa o ka pūpū paʻakikī ma hope o ka molting.Inā hoʻouka ʻia e ka maʻi bacteria a i ʻole koʻikoʻi i kēia manawa, maʻalahi loa ia e make i nā pūʻulu.No laila, pono mākou e hoʻohui i ka calcium i loko o ke kino wai ma nā ʻano hana.Hiki i ka ʻōpae ke komo i ka calcium a me ka ikehu i loko o ke kino wai ma o ka hanu ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o ke kino.

Potasuma diformate +calcium propionatee kōkua i ka wai sterilization a me ka calcium kumukanawai a hiki ole wale kōkua penaeus vannamei e molt smoothly, akā, i inhibit bacteria a pale aku i ke kaumaha, pela hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka mahiʻai 'opae.