Zipolopolondi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa crustaceans.Penaeus vannamei amafunikira molt nthawi zambiri m'moyo wake kuti akwaniritse kukula kwa thupi.

Ⅰ, Kuphwanya malamulo a Penaeus vannamei

Thupi la Penaeus vannamei liyenera kusungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi kuti likwaniritse cholinga cha kukula.Pamene kutentha kwa madzi ndi 28 ℃, ana shrimps molt kamodzi mu 30 ~ 40 hours;Nsomba zazing'ono zolemera 1 ~ 5g molt kamodzi pa masiku 4-6;Kalulu pamwamba pa 15g nthawi zambiri molt kamodzi pa 2 milungu.

Ⅱ, Kusanthula kwa zizindikiro zingapo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusungunuka

1. Zizindikiro zingapo za molting nthawi

Chigoba cha shrimp ndi cholimba kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwika kuti "iron skin shrimp".Ili ndi m'mimba yopanda kanthu kapena m'mimba yotsalira.Sizingawone bwino matumbo a m'mimba, pigment pamtunda wa thupi imakula, ndipo pigment yachikasu imawonjezeka kwambiri.Makamaka, mbali zonse za operculum ndi zakuda, zofiira ndi zachikasu, gill filaments ndi kutupa, zoyera, zachikasu ndi zakuda, ndipo masitepe ndi mapazi ali ndi mawanga ofiira.Mawonekedwe a hepatopancreas ndi omveka, osati kutupa kapena atrophic, ndipo ndondomeko ya dera la mtima ndi yosadziwika bwino komanso yachikasu yamatope.

2. Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma ciliates ambiri

Chigoba cha shrimp ndi khungu lawiri-wosanjikiza, lomwe limatha kuchotsedwa popotoza khungu mofatsa.Khungu ndi losalimba kwambiri, lomwe limadziwika kuti "double skin shrimp" kapena "Crispy Shrimp".Ndi woonda, wokhala ndi melanin wambiri pathupi, kutupa ndi zilonda zam'mimba, makamaka zachikasu ndi zakuda.Matumbo opanda kanthu ndi m'mimba, ofooka mphamvu.Kugona tulo pafupi ndi dziwe kapena kuyendayenda pamadzi, kusonyeza zizindikiro za hypoxia.Zokhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe, ndi kusintha pang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa imfa.

3. Njira yosalala yosungunula imatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu awa:

1) Isanayambe kusungunuka, imatanthawuza nthawi yochokera kumapeto kwa kusungunula komaliza mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kusungunula kotsatira.Nthawi imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kutalika kwa thupi, nthawi zambiri pakati pa masiku 12 ndi 15.Panthawi imeneyi, Penaeus vannamei makamaka ankapeza zakudya, makamaka calcium.

2) Molting, masekondi pang'ono chabe kuposa mphindi khumi.Kusungunula kumadya mphamvu zambiri.Ngati shrimp ndi yofooka kapena kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, nthawi zambiri imasungunuka mosakwanira ndikupanga chipolopolo chamitundu iwiri.

3) Pambuyo pa kusungunula, imatanthawuza nthawi yomwe khungu latsopano limasintha kuchokera kufewa kupita ku lolimba, ndipo nthawiyo imakhala pafupifupi masiku 2 ~ 1.5 (kupatula mbande za shrimp).Chigoba chakalecho chikachotsedwa, chipolopolo chatsopanocho sichingathe kuwerengera nthawi yake, motero kupanga "shrimp yofewa".

4. Kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi kusowa kwa zakudya ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Kuwonongeka kwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'mayiwe okhala ndi mtundu wamadzi wokhuthala kwambiri, ndipo kuwonekera kumakhala pafupifupi ziro.Pali mafilimu amafuta ndi ndere zambiri zakufa pamwamba pa madzi, ndipo nthawi zina pamadzi pamakhala kuphulika kwa fungo la nsomba.Panthawiyi, algae amachulukana kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wosungunuka pamadzi umakhala wochuluka kwambiri masana;Usiku, algae yambiri imakhala chinthu chowononga mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pansi padziwe mpweya wosungunuka ukhale wochepa, zomwe zimakhudza kudya kwa shrimp ndi kusungunuka.Kwa nthawi yayitali, chipolopolocho chimakhala cholimba kwambiri.

5. Kusintha kwanyengo ndi poizoni wakunja kungayambitse kusungunula kwa shrimp, komwe kumapangitsanso kupanga "shrimp yapakhungu" ndi "nsomba zofewa".

Ⅲ, Kufunika kwacalcium supplementationpa kusungunula kwa Penaeus vannamei:

Kashiamu yosungidwa m'thupi la shrimp imatayika kwambiri.Ngati dziko lakunja silikuwonjezeredwa panthawi, Penaeus vannamei sangathe kuyamwa calcium yoperekedwa ndi thupi lamadzi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa kulephera kwa shrimp molting.Nthawi yolimba ya chipolopolo pambuyo pa kusungunula ndi yayitali kwambiri.Ngati igwidwa ndi mabakiteriya kapena kupanikizika panthawiyi, n'zosavuta kufa m'magulu.Choncho, tiyenera kuwonjezera kashiamu m'madzi m'thupi mwa njira yokumba.Nsomba zimatha kuyamwa kashiamu ndi mphamvu m'thupi lamadzi kudzera mu kupuma ndi kulowa mthupi.

Potaziyamu diformate +calcium propionatekuthandizira kutseketsa kwa madzi ndi calcium supplement sikungathandize kuti penaeus vannamei kuti asungunuke bwino, komanso amalepheretsa mabakiteriya ndi kukana kupsinjika maganizo, motero kumapangitsa ubwino wa ulimi wa shrimp.