Potassium diformate(PDF) yityuwa edityanisiweyo ethe yasetyenziswa njengesongezo sokutya esingena-antibiotics ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuyo.Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu zibhalwe kwiintlobo zasemanzini, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuyaphikisana.

Uphononongo lwangaphambili kwi-salmon ye-Atlantic lubonise ukuba ukutya okune-fishmeal ephathwa nge-1.4v PDF kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya kunye nezinga lokukhula.Iziphumo ezisekelwe ekukhuleni kwe-hybrid tilapia zibonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-0.2 yeepesenti ze-PDF kwizidlo zokuvavanya kakhulu kwandisa ukukhula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutya, kunye nokunciphisa usulelo lwebhaktheriya.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uphononongo lwe-tilapia yolutsha olululutsha lubonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-PDF ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.2 yeepesenti yokutya akuzange kubonise phuculo ekusebenzeni kokukhula, ngaphandle kokucinezela kakhulu iibhaktheriya zamathumbu.Ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluncinci olukhoyo, ukusebenza kwePDF ekusebenzeni kweentlanzi kubonakala kuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo, inqanaba lobomi, amanqanaba ongezelelweyo e-PDF, ukuqulunqwa kovavanyo kunye neemeko zenkcubeko.

Uyilo lovavanyo

iqhube ulingo lokukhula kwi-Oceanic Institute eHawaii, eU.SA, ukuvavanya umphumo we-PDF ekusebenzeni kokukhula kunye nokwetyisa kwe-Pacific shrimp emhlophe ekhuliswe kwinkqubo yamanzi acocekileyo.Yayixhaswa ngemali liSebe lezoLimo leNkonzo yoPhando lwezoLimo lase-US nangesivumelwano sentsebenziswano neYunivesithi yaseAlaska Fairbanks.

Inyamakazi emhlophe yasePasifiki eselula (Litopenaeus vannamei) ziye zakhuliswa kwindlela yokuhamba yangaphakathi-ngendlela yamanzi acocekileyo enetyuwa engama-31 ppt kunye nobushushu obungama-25 degrees-C.Baye bondliwa izidlo ezintandathu zovavanyo kunye neepesenti ze-35 zeprotheni kunye neepesenti ze-6 ze-lipid eziqulethe i-PDF kwi-0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 okanye i-1.5 ekhulwini.

Kwi-100 g nganye, ukutya okusisiseko kwaqulunqwa ukuba kuqulathe 30.0 grams zesoya ukutya, 15.0 grams pollock isidlo, 6.0 grams isidlo squid, 2.0 grams menhaden oil, 2.0 grams soy lecithin, 33.8 grams ingqolowa epheleleyo, 1.0 gram enye chromium oxide 1.2 izithako (kubandakanywa iiminerali kunye neevithamini).Kwisidlo ngasinye, iitanki ezine ze-52-L zigcinwe kwi-12 shrimp / tank.Nge-0.84-gram ubunzima bomzimba bokuqala, i-shrimp yatyiswa ngesandla kane imihla ngemihla ukuze ibonakale i-satiation kwiiveki ezisibhozo.

Kuvavanyo lwe-digestibility, i-120 shrimp enobunzima bomzimba we-9 ukuya kwi-10 grams yakhuliswa kwi-18, i-550-L yeetanki nganye kunye neetanki ezintathu / unyango lokutya.I-Chromium oxide iye yasetyenziswa njengesiphawuli sangaphakathi sokulinganisa i-coefficient yokwetyisa ecacileyo.

Iziphumo

Ukufumana ubunzima beveki nganye be-shrimp ukusuka kwi-0.6 ukuya kwi-0.8 grams kwaye ithande ukunyuka kunyango nge-1.2 kunye ne-1.5 yeepesenti yokutya kwe-PDF, kodwa yayingahlukanga kakhulu (P> 0.05) eyahlukileyo phakathi konyango lokutya.Ukusinda kwe-shrimp kwakuyi-97 pesenti okanye ngaphezulu kulingo lokukhula.

I-feed-conversion ratios (FCRs) yayifana nokutya kunye ne-0.3 kunye ne-0.6 yepesenti ye-PDF, kwaye zombini yayingaphantsi kwe-FCR ye-1.2 yeepesenti yokutya kwe-PDF (P <0.05) Nangona kunjalo, i-FCRs yokulawula, i-1.2 kunye ne-1.5 ekhulwini PDF izidlo zazifana (P> 0.05).

I-Shrimp yondla i-1.2 yeepesenti yokutya yayinokugaya okuphantsi (P <0.05) kumcimbi owomileyo, iprotheyini kunye namandla amakhulu kunokuba i-shrimp yondla ezinye izidlo (Umfanekiso 2).I-digestibility yabo ye-lipids yokutya, nangona kunjalo, ayizange ichaphazeleke (P> 0.05) ngamanqanaba e-PDF.

Iimbono

Olu pho nonongo lubonise ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-PDF ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 yeepesenti ekutyeni akuzange kuchaphazele ukukhula kunye nokusinda kwe-shrimp ekhuliswe kwinkqubo yamanzi acocekileyo.Olu qwalaselo lwalufana nolo lwangaphambili olufunyenweyo nge-hybrid juvenile tilapia, kodwa yahlukile kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe kuphando ngesalmon ye-Atlantic kunye nokukhula kwe-hybrid tilapia.

Iziphumo ze-PDF yokutya kwi-FCR kunye nokugaya kubonise ukuxhomekeka kwethamo kolu phononongo.Kunokwenzeka ukuba i-FCR ephezulu ye-1.2 yeepesenti yokutya ye-PDF yayingenxa ye-digestibility ephantsi yeprotheni, into eyomileyo kunye namandla amakhulu okutya.Kukho ulwazi oluncinci kakhulu malunga nemiphumo ye-PDF kwi-nutribility digestibility kwiintlobo zasemanzini.

Iziphumo zolu phononongo zahluke kwezo zengxelo yangaphambili eyathi ukongezwa kwe-PDF kwi-fishmeal ngexesha lokugcinwa ngaphambi kokuba i-feed processing inyuke i-protein digestibility.Ukuphumelela okuhlukeneyo kwe-PDF yokutya okufunyenwe kwizifundo zangoku kunye nezangaphambili zinokuba ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neentlobo zokuvavanya, inkqubo yenkcubeko, ukuqulunqwa kokutya okanye ezinye iimeko zovavanyo.Esona sizathu soku mahluko besingekacaci kwaye sigunyazisa uphando olongezelelekileyo.