I-potassium diformate(PDF) usawoti ohlanganisiwe oye wasetshenziswa njengesengezo sokuphakelayo esingasebenzisi ama-antibiotic ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuyo.Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olulinganiselwe luye lwabhalwa ngezinhlobo zasemanzini, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuyaphikisana.

Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini nge-salmon yase-Atlantic lubonise ukuthi ukudla okuqukethe i-fishmeal ephathwe nge-1.4v PDF kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo kanye nezinga lokukhula.Imiphumela esekelwe ekukhuleni kwe-hybrid tilapia iphinde yabonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwamaphesenti angu-0.2 e-PDF ekudleni okuvivinyayo kukhulise kakhulu ukukhula nokusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo, futhi kunciphisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ngokuphambene, ucwaningo lwe-tilapia ye-hybrid ye-juvenile lubonise ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-PDF kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-1.2 okudla akuzange kubonise ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kokukhula, naphezu kokucindezela kakhulu amagciwane amathumbu.Ngokusekelwe olwazini olulinganiselwe olutholakalayo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-PDF ekusebenzeni kwezinhlanzi kubonakala kwehluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, isigaba sempilo, amazinga okungeziwe e-PDF, ukwakheka kokuhlolwa nezimo zesiko.

Idizayini yokuhlola

yenze isilingo sokukhula e-Oceanic Institute e-Hawaii, e-USA, ukuze ihlole umthelela we-PDF ekusebenzeni kokukhula kanye nokugaywa kwezimfanzi ezimhlophe zase-Pacific ezikhuliswe ohlelweni lwamanzi acwebile.Ixhaswe uMnyango Wezolimo Wenkonzo Yokucwaninga Ngezolimo wase-US nangesivumelwano sokubambisana neNyuvesi yase-Alaska Fairbanks.

Izimfanzi ezimhlophe zasePacific (Litopenaeus vannamei) zakhuliswa endaweni egeleza ngaphakathi-ngesistimu yamanzi ahlanzekile enosawoti ongu-31 ppt kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-25 degrees-C.Badliwe ukudla okuyisivivinyo okuyisithupha ngamaphesenti angu-35 amaprotheni kanye namaphesenti angu-6 e-lipid aqukethe i-PDF ku-0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 noma 1.5 amaphesenti.

Ku-100 g ngayinye, ukudla okuyisisekelo kwakhiwe ukuthi kuqukethe amagremu angu-30.0 kabhontshisi wesoya, amagremu angu-15.0 ukudla kwe-pollock, amagremu angu-6.0 okudla kwe-squid, amagremu angu-2.0 amafutha e-menhaden, amagremu angu-2.0 we-soy lecithin, amagremu angu-33.8 kakolweni, 1.0 igremu enye i-chromium oxide engu-1.2 izithako (okuhlanganisa amaminerali namavithamini).Ngokudla ngakunye, amathangi amane angama-52-L abekwe ku-12 shrimp/thank.Ngesisindo somzimba sokuqala esingamagremu angu-0.84, izimfanzi zaziphakelwa ngesandla izikhathi ezine nsuku zonke ukuze zisuthise amasonto ayisishiyagalombili.

Ocwaningweni lokugaya ukudla, izimfanzi eziyi-120 ezinesisindo somzimba wamagremu ayi-9 kuye kwayi-10 zakhuliswa ku-18, 550-L ithangi ngalinye elinamathangi amathathu/ukwelashwa kokudla.I-Chromium oxide isetshenziswe njengomaka wangaphakathi ukuze kukale i-coefficient esobala yokugaya.

Imiphumela

Ukuzuza kwesisindo samasonto onke kwama-shrimp bekusukela ku-0.6 kuye ku-0.8 amagremu futhi kuthambekele ekwenyukeni ekwelashweni ngokudla kwe-PDF okungamaphesenti angu-1.2 namaphesenti angu-1.5, kodwa kwakungehlukanga kakhulu (P > 0.05) phakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha.Ukusinda kwezimfanzi kwakungamaphesenti angama-97 noma ngaphezulu esivivinyweni sokukhula.

Izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokuphakelayo (ama-FCRs) zazifana nokudla okune-PDF engu-0.3 no-0.6 wamaphesenti, futhi zombili zaziphansi kune-FCR ye-PDF yokudla engamaphesenti angu-1.2 (P <0.05) Nokho, ama-FCRs okulawula, i-PDF engu-1.2 kanye ne-1.5 yamaphesenti. Izidlo zazifana (P> 0.05).

I-Shrimp edla ukudla okungamaphesenti angu-1.2 yayinokugayeka kokudla okuphansi (P <0.05) ngendaba eyomile, amaprotheni namandla amakhulu kunama-shrimp adla okunye ukudla (Fig. 2).Ukugaya kwabo kwe-lipids yokudla, akuzange kuthinteke (P> 0.05) ngamazinga e-PDF.

Imibono

Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-PDF kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-1.5 ekudleni akuzange kuthinte ukukhula nokusinda kwama-shrimp akhuliswe ohlelweni lwamanzi ahlanzekile.Lokhu kuqaphela kwakufana nokutholwe kwangaphambilini kwe-hybrid juvenile tilapia, kodwa kuhlukile emiphumeleni etholakala ocwaningweni nge-salmon yase-Atlantic kanye nokukhula kwe-hybrid tilapia.

Imiphumela ye-Dietary PDF ku-FCR nokugaya kwembule ukuncika komthamo kulolu cwaningo.Kungenzeka ukuthi i-FCR ephezulu ye-PDF yamaphesenti angu-1.2 yayingenxa yokungagayeki okuphansi kwamaprotheni, izinto ezomile kanye namandla amakhulu okudla.Kunokwaziswa okulinganiselwe kakhulu mayelana nemiphumela ye-PDF ekugayekeni kwezakhi ezinhlotsheni zasemanzini.

Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yayihlukile kuleyo yombiko wangaphambilini owathi ukungezwa kwe-PDF ku-fishmeal ngesikhathi sokugcina ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kokuphakelayo kwandisa ukugaya amaprotheni.Ukuphumelela okuhlukene kwe-Dietary PDF etholakala ocwaningweni lwamanje nolwedlule kungenzeka kube ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene, njengezinhlobo zokuhlola, uhlelo lwamasiko, ukwakheka kokudla noma ezinye izimo zokuhlola.Isizathu sangempela salokhu kushayisana besingakacaci futhi sigunyaza uphenyo olwengeziwe.