Betaine yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan hanjin alade da aka yaye, amma sau da yawa ana mantawa idan aka yi la'akari da yiwuwar kari don tallafawa lafiyar hanji ko rage matsalolin da ke tattare da yaye gudawa.Ƙara betaine a matsayin abinci mai aiki don ciyarwa zai iya shafar dabbobi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Na farko, betaine yana da matukar ƙarfi mai ba da gudummawar ƙungiyar methyl, da farko a cikin hantar dabba.Saboda canja wurin m methyl kungiyoyin, da kira na daban-daban mahadi kamar methionine, carnitine da creatine an inganta.Don haka, betain yana shafar furotin, lipid da makamashi na dabbobi, ta haka ne ke canza fasalin gawar.
Na biyu, ana iya ƙara betaine don ciyarwa azaman mai shigar da kwayoyin halitta mai karewa.Betaine yana aiki azaman osmoprotectant, yana taimakawa sel a ko'ina cikin jiki su kula da ma'aunin ruwa da ayyukan salula, musamman a lokutan damuwa.Wani sanannen misali shine tasirin betain mai fa'ida akan dabbobi masu fama da matsananciyar zafi.
An bayyana illolin fa'ida iri-iri akan aikin dabba sakamakon ƙarar betaine a cikin nau'in anhydrous ko hydrochloride.Wannan labarin zai mayar da hankali kan damammaki masu yawa don amfani da betaine azaman ƙari na abinci don tallafawa lafiyar gut a cikin yaye alade.
Yawancin binciken betaine sun ba da rahoton tasirin betaine akan narkar da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin gida da hanjin aladu.Ci gaba da lura da ƙarar fiber narkewa a cikin ileum (danyen fiber ko tsaka tsaki da fiber detergent fiber) sun nuna cewa betaine yana ƙarfafa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙananan hanji saboda enterocytes ba sa samar da enzymes masu lalata fiber.Sassan shukar fibrous sun ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda za a iya saki lokacin da zaruruwan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suka lalace.Don haka, an kuma lura da ingantaccen narkewar busassun busassun busassun abubuwa da danyen ash.A matakin dukan gastrointestinal fili, piglets ciyar da abinci na 800 MG betaine / kg ya nuna ingantaccen narkewar danyen furotin (+ 6.4%) da busassun kwayoyin halitta (+ 4.2%).Bugu da ƙari, wani binciken ya gano cewa bayyanar gaba ɗaya narkar da furotin (+3.7%) da tsantsar ether (+6.7%) an inganta tare da ƙarin betaine a 1250 mg/kg.
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka lura da karuwa a cikin sha na gina jiki shine tasirin betaine akan samar da enzyme.Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a cikin vivo game da tasirin betaine a cikin alade da aka yaye ya tantance ayyukan enzymes masu narkewa (amylase, maltase, lipase, trypsin da chymotrypsin) a cikin digesta (Fig. 1).Ayyukan duk enzymes sun karu, ban da maltase, kuma tasirin betaine ya fi bayyana a kashi na 2500 mg betaine/kg feed fiye da kashi na 1250 mg/kg feed.Ƙara yawan aiki na iya haifar da haɓakar haɓakar enzymes, amma kuma yana iya haifar da haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin enzymes.Gwaje-gwajen in vitro sun nuna cewa ayyukan trypsin da amylase an hana su ta hanyar haifar da matsanancin osmotic ta hanyar ƙara NaCl.A cikin wannan gwaji, ƙari na betain a wurare daban-daban ya dawo da tasirin hanawa na NaCl da ingantaccen aikin enzyme.Duk da haka, lokacin da ba a ƙara sodium chloride a cikin maganin buffer ba, hadaddun hada da betaine ba shi da wani tasiri akan ayyukan enzyme a ƙananan ƙididdiga, amma yana nuna tasiri mai hanawa a ƙananan yawa.
An ba da rahoton ingantattun ayyukan ci gaba da canjin ciyarwa a cikin aladu da ke ciyar da betaine na abinci, da kuma ingantaccen narkewar abinci.Ƙara betain zuwa abincin alade kuma yana rage buƙatun makamashi na dabba.Hasashen wannan tasirin da aka lura shine cewa lokacin da betaine yake samuwa don kula da matsa lamba na osmotic na ciki, buƙatar famfo ion (tsari da ke buƙatar makamashi) yana raguwa.Don haka, a cikin yanayi inda aka iyakance amfani da makamashi, ana sa ran tasirin ƙarin betain zai kasance mafi girma ta hanyar haɓaka girma maimakon ta hanyar kiyaye bukatun makamashi.
Kwayoyin Epithelial na bangon hanji dole ne su bi da yanayin yanayin osmotic mai saurin canzawa wanda abin da ke cikin lumen na hanji ya haifar yayin narkewar abinci.A lokaci guda kuma, waɗannan ƙwayoyin epithelial na hanji suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa musayar ruwa da nau'o'in abinci mai gina jiki tsakanin lumen na hanji da plasma.Don kare sel daga waɗannan yanayi masu tsauri, betaine muhimmin mai shiga kwayoyin halitta ne.Idan ka duba yawan adadin betaine a cikin kyallen takarda daban-daban, za ka ga cewa naman hanji yana da madaidaicin matakan betaine.Bugu da ƙari, an lura cewa waɗannan matakan na iya yin tasiri ta hanyar tattarawar betaine na abinci.Kwayoyin ma'auni masu kyau za su sami mafi kyawun iya yaduwa da kwanciyar hankali.A taƙaice, masu binciken sun gano cewa ƙara yawan betaine a cikin piglets yana ƙara tsayin duodenal villi da zurfin crypts na gida, kuma villi ya zama mai kama.
A cikin wani binciken, ana iya lura da karuwa a tsayi mai tsayi ba tare da tasiri akan zurfin crypt ba a cikin duodenum, jejunum, da ileum.Tasirin kariya na betaine akan tsarin hanji na iya zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin takamaiman cututtuka (osmotic), kamar yadda aka gani a cikin kajin broiler tare da coccidia.
Katangar hanji da farko ta ƙunshi sel epithelial waɗanda ke manne da juna ta hanyar ƙaƙƙarfan sunadaran haɗin gwiwa.Mutuncin wannan shinge yana da mahimmanci don hana shigar da abubuwa masu cutarwa da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da kumburi.A cikin aladu, ana tsammanin mummunan tasiri akan shingen hanji sakamakon gurɓataccen abinci tare da mycotoxins ko ɗaya daga cikin mummunan tasirin zafi.
Don auna tasirin tasirin shinge, galibi ana gwada layin tantanin halitta a cikin vitro ta hanyar auna juriya na lantarki na transepithelial (TEER).An lura da haɓakawa a cikin TEER a yawancin gwaje-gwajen in vitro saboda amfani da betaine.TEER yana raguwa lokacin da sel suka fallasa zuwa yanayin zafi mai girma (42°C) (Hoto na 2).Ƙara betaine zuwa matsakaicin girma na waɗannan zafafan sel ya magance raguwar TEER, yana nuna haɓakar yanayin zafi.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin nazarin vivo a cikin piglets ya nuna ƙara yawan maganganun sunadarai masu mahimmanci (occludin, claudin1 da zonula occlusions-1) a cikin jejunal nama na dabbobi masu karɓar betaine a kashi na 1250 mg / kg idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa.Bugu da ƙari, aikin diamine oxidase, alamar lalacewar mucosal na hanji, ya ragu sosai a cikin plasma na waɗannan aladu, yana nuna wani shinge mai karfi na hanji.Lokacin da aka ƙara betaine a cikin abincin ƙare aladu, an auna ƙarfin ƙarfin hanji a lokacin yanka.
Kwanan nan, binciken da yawa sun danganta betaine zuwa tsarin antioxidant kuma sun bayyana raguwa a cikin radicals kyauta, raguwa a matakan malondialdehyde (MDA), da karuwa a cikin ayyukan glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan a cikin piglets ya nuna cewa ayyukan GSH-Px a cikin jejunum ya karu, yayin da betaine na abinci ba shi da wani tasiri akan MDA.
Ba wai kawai betaine ke aiki azaman osmoprotectant a cikin dabbobi ba, amma ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban na iya tara betaine ta hanyar haɗin de novo ko jigilar kayayyaki daga muhalli.Akwai shaidar cewa betaine na iya yin tasiri mai kyau akan flora na ƙwayoyin cuta na gastrointestinal tract na yaye alade.Jimlar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na gida ya karu, musamman bifidobacteria da lactobacilli.Bugu da ƙari, an gano ƙananan lambobi na Enterobacteriaceae a cikin stool.
Sakamakon karshe da aka gani na betaine akan lafiyar hanji a cikin yaye alade shine raguwar kamuwa da gudawa.Wannan tasirin yana iya dogara da kashi: kari na abinci tare da betaine a kashi na 2500 mg/kg ya fi tasiri wajen rage yawan zawo fiye da betaine a kashi na 1250 mg/kg.Koyaya, aikin piglet na weaner ya kasance iri ɗaya a duka matakan kari.Sauran masu bincike sun nuna ƙananan adadin gudawa da cututtuka a cikin alade da aka yaye lokacin da aka kara su da 800 mg/kg betaine.
Abin sha'awa, betaine hydrochloride yana da yuwuwar tasirin acidifying azaman tushen betaine.A cikin magunguna, ana amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na betaine hydrochloride tare da pepsin don taimakawa masu ciwon ciki da matsalolin narkewa.A wannan yanayin, betaine hydrochloride yana aiki azaman amintaccen tushen hydrochloric acid.Kodayake babu wani bayani game da wannan kadarar lokacin da aka haɗa betaine hydrochloride a cikin abincin alade, yana iya zama mahimmanci.An sani cewa a cikin yaye alade pH na ciki zai iya zama mai girma (pH> 4), don haka yana tsoma baki tare da kunna pepsin protein-degrading enzyme a cikin pepsinogen na gaba.Mafi kyawun narkewar furotin yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don dabbobi su iya cin gajiyar wannan abincin ba.Bugu da ƙari, rashin narkewar sunadaran suna iya haifar da yaduwar cututtukan da ba dole ba ne kuma ya kara dagula matsalar gudawa bayan yaye.Betaine yana da ƙananan ƙimar pKa kusan 1.8, wanda ke sa betaine hydrochloride ya rabu lokacin da aka sha, yana haifar da acidity na ciki.An lura da wannan sake-acid na wucin gadi a cikin karatun ɗan adam na farko da kuma a cikin nazarin canine.Karnukan da aka yi amfani da su a baya tare da masu rage acid sun sami raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin pH na ciki daga kusan pH 7 zuwa pH 2 bayan kashi ɗaya na 750 MG ko 1500 MG na betaine hydrochloride.Duk da haka, a cikin karnuka masu sarrafawa waɗanda ba su karbi maganin ba, pH na ciki ya ragu sosai.Kimanin 2, ba tare da la'akari da shan betaine HCl ba.
Betaine has a positive effect on the intestinal health of weaned piglets. This literature review highlights the various capabilities of betaine to support nutrient digestion and absorption, improve physical defense barriers, influence the microbiota and enhance defense in piglets. References available upon request, contact Lien Vande Maele, maele@orffa.com