Ukutyaukungundaibangelwa ngundo.Xa ukufuma kwempahla ekrwada kufanelekile, ukungunda kuya kuphindaphindeka ngobuninzi, okukhokelela ekutyeni kokungunda.Emva kokofeed isikungu, iimpawu zayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ziya kutshintsha, kunye ne-Aspergillus flavus eyenza umonakalo omkhulu.

1. Amanyathelo okuthintela ukungunda:

(1) Ukulawula ukufuma Ukulawula ukufuma kubhekiselele kulawulo lokufuma kwisondlo kunye nokufuma okunxulumene nendawo yokugcina.Undoqo kumanyathelo okuthintela ukungunda kokutya okuziinkozo kukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza isiqulatho sokufuma saso sibe kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo ngexesha elifutshane emva kokuvuna.Ngokubanzi, iinkozo zamandongomane zingaphantsi kwe-8%, umbona ungaphantsi kwe-12.5%, kwaye isiqulatho sokufuma okuziinkozo singaphantsi kwe-13%.Ngoko ke, isikhunta asifanelekanga ukuzala, ngoko lo mxholo wokufuma ubizwa ngokuba ngumswakama okhuselekileyo.Isiqulatho sokufuma esikhuselekileyo sezondla ezahlukeneyo siyahluka.Ukongeza, isiqulatho sokufuma esikhuselekileyo sikwanxulunyaniswa kakubi nobushushu bokugcina.

(2) Ukulawula ubushushu ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-12 ℃ kunokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kokungunda kunye nokuveliswa kwetyhefu.

(3) Ukuthintela ukulunywa kwezinambuzane kunye nokuhlaselwa kweempuku, iindlela zokulawula ngoomatshini kunye nemichiza kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukunyanga izinambuzane zokugcina ukutya okuziinkozo, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuthinteleni iimpuku, njengoko ukulunywa yizinambuzane okanye iimpuku zingonakalisa iinkozo eziziinkozo, okwenza kube lula ukungunda. zizala kwaye zibangele ukukhula kunobundi.

(4) Isondlo sezinto ezikrwada kunye nokutya okwenziwa ngefomula esetyenzisiweyo kunye neearhente ezichasene nokungunda zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukungunda, ngoko ke iiarhente ezichasene nokungunda zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukungunda ngexesha lokuqhuba.I-fungicides esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-acids eziphilayo kunye neetyuwa, phakathi kwazo i-propionic acid kunye neetyuwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

2. Amanyathelo okuphelisa ubutyhefu

Emva kokuba ukutya kungcoliswe yi-toxins yefungal, kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo yokutshabalalisa okanye ukususa i-toxins.Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

(1) Susa amasuntswana okungunda

Iityhefu zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiinkozo ezonakeleyo, ezingundayo, eziguqukileyo, nakwiinkozo ezityiwa zizinambuzane.Ukunciphisa kakhulu umxholo we-toxin, ezi zinkozo zingakhethwa.Sebenzisa iindlela zezandla okanye zoomatshini kuqala ukukhetha ukutya, ukususa ukutya okungundayo, kwaye emva koko womise ngakumbi ukutya okungundayo ukufezekisa injongo yokukhupha ityhefu kunye nokuthintela ukungunda.

(2) Unyango lobushushu

Kwiqebengwana leembotyi zesoya kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada yembewu, i-48% -61% ye-Aspergillus flavus B1 kunye ne-32% -40% ye-Aspergillus flavus C1 inokutshatyalaliswa ngokubhaka kwi-150 ℃ imizuzu engama-30 okanye ukufudumeza i-microwave imizuzu eyi-8~9.

(3) Ukuhlamba ngamanzi

Ukufunxwa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi acocekileyo kunokususa i-toxins enyibilikayo emanzini.Imathiriyeli ekrwada yegrafu efana neembotyi zesoya kunye nombona unokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi acocekileyo emva kokutyunyuzwa okanye ukuhlanjululwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo nge-2% yeLimewater ukususa i-mycotoxins.

(4) Indlela ye-Adsorption

I-Adsorbents efana nekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye nodongwe olumhlophe inokubhengeza i-toxins yefungal, inciphisa ukufunxwa kwayo yi-gastrointestinal tract.

Ukusetyenziswa kokutya okungcolisekileyo yimfuyo kunye neenkukhu kunokukhokelela kuthotho lweziganeko ezifana nokuthintela ukukhula, ukunciphisa ukutya okudliwayo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, okunokuchaphazela kakhulu inzuzo yezoqoqosho.Kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni.