Okuphakelayoisikhuthakubangelwa isikhunta.Lapho umswakama we-raw material ufanelekile, isikhunta sizophindaphindeka ngobuningi, okuholela esikhunjeni sokudla.Ngemvafeed isikhutha, izici zayo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali zizoshintsha, ne-Aspergillus flavus ebangela ukulimala okukhulu.

1. Izinyathelo zokulwa nesikhunta:

(1) Ukulawula umswakama Ukulawula ukuswakama kubhekisela ekulawuleni umswakama esiphakelini kanye nomswakama olinganiselwe wendawo yokugcina impahla.Isihluthulelo sezinyathelo zokunqanda isikhunta sokudla okusanhlamvu ukunciphisa ngokushesha umswakama wawo ube ibanga eliphephile phakathi nesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuvuna.Ngokuvamile, izinhlamvu zamakinati zingaphansi kuka-8%, ummbila ungaphansi kuka-12.5%, kanti umswakama wokusanhlamvu ungaphansi kuka-13%.Ngakho-ke, isikhunta asifanele ukukhiqizwa, ngakho-ke lokhu okuqukethwe komswakama kubizwa ngokuthi umswakama ophephile.Umswakama ophephile wokuphakelayo okuhlukahlukene uyahlukahluka.Ukwengeza, okuqukethwe komswakama okuphephile nakho kuhlotshaniswa kabi nezinga lokushisa lokugcina.

(2) Ukulawula izinga lokushisa libe ngaphansi kuka-12 ℃ kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta kanye nokukhiqizwa kobuthi.

(3) Ukuze kuvinjwe ukulunywa yizinambuzane kanye nokuhlasela kwamagundane, izindlela zokulawula imishini namakhemikhali kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukwelapha izinambuzane ezigcina okusanhlamvu, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvikela amagundane, njengoba ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma amagundane kungalimaza okusanhlamvu, okwenza kube lula ukukhunta. zala futhi zibangele ukukhula kwesikhunta.

(4) Okuphakelayo kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nokudla kwefomula okucutshungulwe ngama-anti-mold agents kusengozini enkulu yokubunjwa, ngakho-ke ama-anti-mold agents angasetshenziswa ukulawula isikhunta ngesikhathi sokucubungula.Ama-fungicides asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-asidi e-organic kanye nosawoti, phakathi kwawo i-propionic acid nosawoti osetshenziswa kakhulu.

2. Izinyathelo zokuqeda ubuthi

Ngemva kokuba okuphakelayo kungcoliswe ubuthi besikhunta, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokucekela phansi noma ukususa ubuthi.Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

(1) Khipha izinhlayiya zesikhunta

Ubuthi bugxile kakhulu ohlangeni olonakele, olukhuntile, oluguqukile, kanye nezinambuzane ezidliwe.Ukunciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-toxin, lezi zinhlamvu zingakhethwa.Sebenzisa izindlela ezenziwa ngesandla noma zokukhanda ukuze uqale ukhethe okuphakelayo, ususe okuphakelayo okukhuntile, bese uqhubeka womisa okuphakelayo okukhuntile ukuze ufinyelele umgomo wokukhipha ubuthi nokuvimbela isikhunta.

(2) Ukwelashwa kokushisa

Ekhekheni likabhontshisi wesoya kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokudla kwembewu, u-48% -61% we-Aspergillus flavus B1 kanye no-32% -40% we-Aspergillus flavus C1 ungacekelwa phansi ngokubhaka ku-150 ℃ imizuzu engu-30 noma ukushisisa i-microwave imizuzu engu-8~9.

(3) Ukugeza amanzi

Ukucwiliswa emanzini okuphindaphindiwe nokugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile kungasusa ubuthi obuncibilika emanzini.Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinjengamabhontshisi wesoya nommbila zingahlanjululwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngemva kokuchotshozwa noma zihlanjululwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngo-2% Limewater ukuze kukhishwe ama-mycotoxins.

(4) Indlela ye-Adsorption

Ama-adsorbents afana nekhabhoni ecushiwe nobumba olumhlophe angakhanga ubuthi befungal, ehlise ukumuncwa kwawo ngomgudu wamathumbu.

Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungcolile yimfuyo nezinkukhu kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezigigaba ezifana nokuvimbela ukukhula, ukuncipha kokudla okudliwayo, nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla, okungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezinzuzweni zezomnotho.Kudingeka ukunaka ukuvimbela nokulawula.