Betaine wani fili ne da ke faruwa ta halitta wanda aka rarraba a cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. A matsayin ƙari na ciyarwa, ana samar da shi a cikin nau'in anhydrous ko hydrochloride.Ana iya ƙara shi zuwa abincin dabbobi don dalilai daban-daban.
Da farko dai, waɗannan dalilai na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da ingantaccen ƙarfin mai ba da gudummawar methyl na betaine, wanda galibi yana faruwa a cikin hanta.Saboda canja wurin ƙungiyoyin methyl marasa ƙarfi, ana haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin mahadi daban-daban kamar methionine, carnitine da creatine. Ta wannan hanyar, betaine yana shafar furotin, lipid da metabolism na makamashi, wanda hakan yana da fa'ida canza tsarin gawa.
Abu na biyu, manufar ƙara betaine a cikin abinci na iya zama alaƙa da aikinsa a matsayin mai shiga tsakani na ƙwayoyin cuta. ingantaccen tasirin betain akan dabbobin da ke ƙarƙashin matsin zafi.
A cikin aladu, an bayyana tasirin fa'ida daban-daban na ƙarin betaine.Wannan labarin zai mayar da hankali kan rawar betaine a matsayin ƙari na abinci a cikin lafiyar hanji na alade da aka yaye.
Yawancin bincike na betaine sun ba da rahoton sakamako akan narkewar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin gida ko kuma gabaɗayan tsarin narkewar aladu.Maimaita lura da ƙarar fiber na narkewar gida na fiber (danyen fiber ko tsaka tsaki da fiber detergent fiber) ya nuna cewa betaine yana ƙarfafa fermentation na ƙwayoyin cuta da suka rigaya ya wanzu. a cikin ƙananan hanji, saboda ƙwayoyin hanji ba sa samar da enzymes masu lalata fiber. Bangaren fiber na shuka ya ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki, wanda za'a iya saki yayin lalatar wannan fiber na microbial.
Sabili da haka, an kuma lura da ingantaccen busassun busassun busassun busassun da danyen toka mai narkewa. A cikin jimlar matakin narkewa, an bayar da rahoton cewa alade da aka kara da abinci na 800 mg betaine / kg sun inganta furotin mai ɗanyen (+ 6.4%) da busassun kwayoyin halitta (+ 4.2%). ) digestibility. Bugu da ƙari, wani binciken daban-daban ya nuna cewa ta hanyar haɓakawa tare da 1,250 mg / kg betaine, an inganta yawan ƙwayar furotin mai gina jiki (+ 3.7%) da ether tsantsa (+ 6.7%).
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka lura da karuwa a cikin narkewar abinci shine tasirin betaine akan samar da enzyme. A cikin binciken baya-bayan nan a vivo game da ƙari na betaine ga alade da aka yaye, ayyukan enzymes masu narkewa (amylase, maltase, lipase, trypsin da chymotrypsin). a cikin chyme an kimanta (Hoto 1) Duk enzymes banda maltase sun nuna yawan aiki, kuma tasirin betaine ya fi bayyana a 2,500 mg betaine / kg feed fiye da 1,250 mg / kg. a cikin samar da enzyme, ko kuma yana iya zama sakamakon haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayar enzyme.
Hoto 1-Aikin enzyme mai narkewa na hanji na piglets wanda aka haɓaka tare da 0 mg / kg, 1,250 mg / kg ko 2,500 mg / kg betaine.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen in vitro, an tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar ƙara NaCl don samar da matsananciyar osmotic, trypsin da ayyukan amylase an hana su.Ƙara matakan daban-daban na betaine zuwa wannan gwajin ya mayar da tasirin hanawa na NaCl da ƙara yawan aikin enzyme. Duk da haka, lokacin da NaCl bai kasance ba. ƙara zuwa maganin buffer, betaine baya rinjayar aikin enzyme a ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, amma yana nuna tasirin hanawa a mafi girma.
Ba wai kawai ƙãra narkewa ba zai iya bayanin karuwar da aka ruwaito a cikin ci gaban girma da kuma ciyar da canjin aladu da aka kara da betaine na abinci. Ƙara betaine zuwa abincin alade kuma yana rage bukatun makamashi na dabba. Ma'anar wannan tasirin da aka lura shine lokacin da za'a iya amfani da betaine. don kula da matsa lamba na osmotic na intracellular, buƙatar famfo ion yana raguwa, wanda shine tsarin da ke buƙatar makamashi.A cikin yanayin rashin amfani da makamashi mai iyaka, ana sa ran tasirin ƙarin betaine ya fi bayyana ta hanyar ƙara yawan makamashi don haɓakawa maimakon girma. kiyayewa.
Kwayoyin epithelial da ke rufe bangon hanji suna buƙatar jure wa yanayin yanayin osmotic mai sauye-sauye da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke cikin haske yayin narkewar abinci mai gina jiki. Domin kare sel daga waɗannan yanayi masu ƙalubale, betaine muhimmin abu ne mai shiga jikin kwayoyin halitta.Lokacin da aka lura da tattarawar betaine a cikin kyallen takarda daban-daban, abun ciki na betaine a cikin kyallen hanji yana da yawa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, an lura cewa waɗannan matakan sun shafi. Ta hanyar maida hankali na betaine na abinci. Kwayoyin da suka dace da kyau za su sami mafi kyawun yaduwa da kuma mafi kyawun damar dawowa.Saboda haka, masu binciken sun gano cewa karuwar betaine na piglets yana kara tsayin duodenal villi da zurfin crypts na gida, kuma villi sun fi dacewa.
A cikin wani binciken kuma, ana iya lura da karuwa a cikin tsayin villi a cikin duodenum, jejunum, da ileum, amma babu wani tasiri a kan zurfin crypts. Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin kajin broiler da ke kamuwa da coccidia, tasirin kariya na betaine a kan. Tsarin hanji zai iya zama mafi mahimmanci a ƙarƙashin wasu ƙalubalen (osmotic).
Shamakin na hanji ya ƙunshi sel epithelial, wanda aka haɗa da juna ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta masu tsauri.Mutuncin wannan shinge yana da mahimmanci don hana shigar da abubuwa masu cutarwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ba zai haifar da kumburi ba.Ga aladu, mummunan rauni. Ana ɗaukar tasirin shingen hanji a matsayin sakamakon gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta na mycotoxin a cikin abinci, ko kuma ɗaya daga cikin mummunan tasirin zafi.
Don auna tasirin tasirin shinge, ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen in vitro na layin salula sau da yawa don auna juriya na lantarki na transepithelial (TEER) .Tare da aikace-aikacen betaine, ana iya ganin ingantaccen TEER a cikin gwaje-gwajen in vitro da yawa.Lokacin da baturi ya kasance. wanda aka fallasa zuwa babban zafin jiki (42 ° C), TEER zai ragu (Hoto 2) Ƙarin betaine zuwa matsakaicin girma na waɗannan ƙwayoyin da aka fallasa da zafi ya magance raguwar TEER, yana nuna karuwar juriya na zafi.
Hoto 2-In vitro sakamakon babban zafin jiki da betaine akan juriya na transepithelial (TEER).
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin nazarin in vivo a cikin piglets, ƙara yawan maganganun sunadaran haɗin gwiwa (occludin, claudin1, da zonula occludens-1) a cikin jejunum nama na dabbobin da suka karbi 1,250 mg / kg betaine an auna idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin alamar lalacewar mucosal na hanji, aikin diamine oxidase a cikin plasma na waɗannan aladu ya ragu sosai, yana nuna wani shinge mai karfi na hanji.Lokacin da aka ƙara betaine a cikin abincin naman alade mai girma-kammala, karuwa a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin hanji. an auna shi a lokacin yanka.
Kwanan nan, binciken da yawa sun danganta betaine zuwa tsarin antioxidant kuma sun bayyana raguwar radicals kyauta, rage matakan malondialdehyde (MDA), da inganta ayyukan glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
Betaine ba kawai yana aiki a matsayin osmoprotectant a cikin dabbobi ba. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya tara betaine ta hanyar haɗin de novo ko sufuri daga muhalli. .Jimillar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na gida, musamman bifidobacteria da lactobacilli, sun karu. Bugu da ƙari, an sami ƙananan adadin Enterobacter a cikin najasa.
A ƙarshe, an lura cewa tasirin betaine akan lafiyar hanji na ƙwanƙwaran alade da aka yaye shi ne rage yawan zawo.Wannan tasirin yana iya dogara da kashi: ƙarin abincin abincin 2,500 mg / kg betaine ya fi tasiri fiye da 1,250 mg / kg betaine a ciki. Rage yawan zawo.Duk da haka, aikin alade da aka yaye a matakan kari biyu ya kasance iri ɗaya.Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa lokacin da aka ƙara 800 MG / kg na betaine, adadin da kamuwa da zawo a cikin yaye alade ya ragu.
Betaine yana da ƙananan ƙimar pKa kusan 1.8, wanda ke haifar da rabuwar betaine HCl bayan an sha, yana haifar da acidification na ciki.
Abincin mai ban sha'awa shine yuwuwar acidification na betaine hydrochloride a matsayin tushen betaine.A cikin maganin ɗan adam, ana amfani da ƙarin betaine HCl tare da pepsin don tallafawa mutanen da ke da matsalolin ciki da matsalolin narkewa.A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da betaine hydrochloride kamar Amintaccen tushen hydrochloric acid.Ko da yake babu wani bayani game da wannan dukiya lokacin da betaine hydrochloride ke ƙunshe a cikin abincin alade, yana iya zama da mahimmanci.
An sani cewa pH na ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki na piglets da aka yaye na iya zama mai girma (pH> 4), wanda zai shafi kunna pepsin precursor zuwa precursor pepsinogen. Mafi kyawun narkewar furotin ba kawai mahimmanci ga dabbobi don samun wadata mai kyau ba. na wannan sinadari.Bugu da kari, sunadaran rashin narkewar abinci na iya haifar da cutar da ke haifar da yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari da kuma ƙara matsalar gudawa bayan yaye.Betaine yana da ƙarancin darajar pKa kusan 1.8, wanda ke haifar da rabuwar betaine HCl bayan an sha, yana haifar da ciwon ciki. acidification.
An lura da wannan sakewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin binciken farko a cikin mutane da kuma nazarin karnuka.Bayan kashi ɗaya na 750 MG ko 1,500 MG na betaine hydrochloride, pH na ciki na karnuka da aka bi da su tare da rage yawan acid gastric acid ya ragu sosai daga game da 7 zuwa pH 2. Duk da haka, a cikin karnuka masu kulawa da ba a kula da su ba, pH na ciki ya kasance game da 2, wanda ba shi da alaka da betain HCl supplementation.
Betaine yana da tasiri mai kyau akan lafiyar hanji na 'ya'yan alade da aka yaye.Wannan bita na wallafe-wallafen yana nuna dama daban-daban don betaine don tallafawa narkewar abinci mai gina jiki da sha, inganta shingen kariya na jiki, rinjayar microbiota, da kuma inganta ƙarfin kariya na alade.