ʻO Betaine kahi hui kūlohelohe i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai, hāʻawi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano anhydrous a i ʻole hydrochloride.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka hānai holoholona no nā kumu like ʻole.
ʻO ka mea mua, pili paha kēia mau kumu i ka mana methyl donor maikaʻi loa o ka betaine, ka mea nui i hana ʻia i loko o ke akepaʻa. Ma kēia ala, pili ka betaine i ka protein, lipid a me ka metabolism ikehu, a laila e hoʻololi maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke kino.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka betaine i loko o ka meaʻai e pili paha i kāna hana ma ke ʻano he penetrant organik pale. ka hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine i nā holoholona ma lalo o ke kaumaha wela.
I loko o nā puaʻa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi like ʻole o ka betaine supplementation.
Ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi betaine i ka hopena i ka digestibility o nā meaʻai i ka ileum a i ʻole ka pauku digestive tract o nā puaʻa. i loko o ka'ōpū liʻiliʻi, no ka mea,ʻaʻole e hana nā pūnaewele'ōpū i nā enzymes hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka fiber. Aia i loko o ka'āpana fiber o ka mea kanu nā meaʻai, hiki ke hoʻokuʻuʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana o kēia microbial fiber.
No laila, ua ʻike pū ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mea maloʻo a me ka digestibility o ka lehu. ) digestibility. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ʻokoʻa ma ka hoʻohui ʻana me 1,250 mg / kg betaine, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka huina o ka digestibility o ka protein crude (+3.7%) a me ka ether extract (+6.7%).
ʻO kahi kumu i ʻike ʻia ai ka piʻi ʻana o ka digestibility meaʻai, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka betaine ma ka hana ʻana o ka enzyme. i ka chyme i loiloi ʻia (Figure 1). ʻO nā enzyme a pau koe maltase i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o ka betaine ma 2,500 mg betaine / kg hānai ma mua o 1,250 mg / kg. i ka hana ʻana i ka enzyme, a i ʻole he hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana catalytic o ka enzyme.
Kiʻi 1-Ka hana enzyme digestive o ka ʻōpū o nā puaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me 0 mg/kg, 1,250 mg/kg a i ʻole 2,500 mg/kg betaine.
I loko o nā hoʻokolohua in vitro, ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka NaCl e hana i ke kaomi osmotic kiʻekiʻe, ua kāohi ʻia nā hana trypsin a me amylase. i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hopena buffer, ʻaʻole pili ka betaine i ka hana enzyme ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā e hōʻike ana i kahi hopena inhibitory ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka digestibility hiki ke wehewehe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana a me ka helu hoʻololi ʻana o nā puaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine meaʻai. no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaomi osmotic intracellular, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke koi ʻana i nā paila ion, kahi hana e pono ai ka ikehu. mālama.
Pono nā epithelial cell e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka paia o ka ʻōpū e hoʻokō i nā kūlana osmotic nui loa i hana ʻia e ka luminal contents i ka wā o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai. No ka pale ʻana i nā cell mai kēia mau pilikia paʻakikī, ʻo ka betaine kahi mea hoʻolale koʻikoʻi. e ka meaʻai betaine concentration.Well-balanced cell will have better proliferation and better recovery capabilities.No laila, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pae betaine o nā puaʻa e hoʻonui ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka duodenal villi a me ka hohonu o nā crypts ileal, a ʻoi aku ka like o ka villi.
Ma kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka villi i ka duodenum, jejunum, a me ka ileum, akā ʻaʻohe hopena i ka hohonu o nā crypts. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōpū ma lalo o kekahi mau pilikia (osmotic).
ʻO ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū ka mea nui i nā pūnaewele epithelial, i hoʻohuiʻia kekahi i kekahi e nā proteins junction paʻa. ʻO ka hopena o ka pale o ka ʻōpū i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka mycotoxin i ka hānai, a i ʻole kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaumaha wela.
I mea e ana i ka hopena i ka hopena pale, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻokolohua in vitro o nā laina kelepona no ke ana ʻana i ke kūpaʻa uila transepithelial (TEER). ʻike ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe (42 ° C), e emi ana ka TEER (Figure 2). ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka betaine i ka mea ulu o kēia mau mea wela i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka TEER i emi iho, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pale wela.
Kiʻi 2-Nā hopena in vitro o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka betaine ma ke kūpaʻa transepithelial cell (TEER).
Eia kekahi, i loko o kahi noiʻi in vivo i nā puaʻa, ua ana ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā protein junction paʻa (occludin, claudin1, a me zonula occludens-1) i loko o ka ʻiʻo jejunum o nā holoholona i loaʻa iā 1,250 mg / kg betaine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu mana. Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka mucosal intestinal, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hana diamine oxidase i ka plasma o kēia mau puaʻa, e hōʻike ana i kahi pale ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻōpū. ana i ka manawa o ka pepehiia.
I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻopili kekahi mau noiʻi i ka betaine i ka ʻōnaehana antioxidant a wehewehe i nā radical manuahi i hoʻemi ʻia, nā pae hoʻemi o malondialdehyde (MDA), a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
ʻAʻole hana wale ʻo Betaine ma ke ʻano he osmoprotectant i nā holoholona. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka nui o nā bacteria ke hōʻiliʻili i ka betaine ma o ka de novo synthesis a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana mai ke kaiapuni. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā bacteria ileal, ʻoi aku ka bifidobacteria a me ka lactobacilli.
ʻO ka hope, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hopena o ka betaine i ke olakino ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. e ho'ēmi ana i ka nui o ka maʻi paʻi. Akā naʻe, ua like ka hanaʻana o nā puaʻa weaned ma nā pae hoʻonuiʻelua. Ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi'ē aʻe i ka wā i hoʻohuiʻia ai ka 800 mg / kg o ka betaine, ua emi iho ka helu a me ka uluʻana o ka maʻi pahū i nā puaʻa weaned.
He haʻahaʻa ka pKa waiwai o Betaine ma kahi o 1.8, e alakaʻi ana i ka dissociation o ka betaine HCl ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka acidification o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka meaʻai hoihoi, ʻo ia ka acidification o ka betaine hydrochloride ma ke ʻano he kumu betaine. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohui betaine HCl me ka pepsin e kākoʻo i nā poʻe me nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū a me nā pilikia digestive. he kumu palekana o ka waikawa hydrochloric. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻike e pili ana i kēia waiwai ke loaʻa ka betaine hydrochloride i loko o ka hānai puaʻa, he mea nui loa ia.
Ua ʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe paha ka pH o ka wai ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned (pH>4), e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka pepsin precursor i kāna precursor pepsinogen. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka protein indigestion ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā pathogens opportunistic a hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi post-weaning. He haʻahaʻa ka waiwai pKa o Betaine ma kahi o 1.8, e alakaʻi ana i ka dissociation o betaine HCl ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻōpū. acidification.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia reacidification no ka wā pōkole i kahi noiʻi mua i nā kānaka a me nā noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻīlio. e pili ana i ka 7 i ka pH 2. Akā naʻe, i nā ʻīlio mālama ʻole, ʻo ka pH o ka ʻōpū ma kahi o 2, ʻaʻole pili i ka betaine HCl supplementation.
Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi o Betaine i ke olakino ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned. Hōʻike kēia loiloi palapala i nā manawa like ʻole no ka betaine e kākoʻo ai i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka absorption meaʻai, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pale pale kino, hoʻoikaika i ka microbiota, a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke pale i nā puaʻa.