Betaine ke motsoako oa tlhaho oa tlhaho o ajoang haholo limela le liphoofolo.Joaloka motsoako oa lijo, o fanoa ka mofuta oa anhydrous kapa hydrochloride.E ka ekeletsoa lijong tsa liphoofolo bakeng sa merero e fapaneng.
Ntlha ea pele, merero ena e ka 'na ea amana le bokhoni bo sebetsang haholo ba methyl ea betaine, eo haholo-holo e hlahang sebeteng.Ka lebaka la ho fetisoa ha lihlopha tse sa tsitsang tsa methyl, motsoako oa metsoako e sa tšoaneng e kang methionine, carnitine le creatine e khothalletsoa. Ka tsela ena, betaine e ama protheine, lipid le metabolism ea matla, ka hona e fetola sebopeho sa setopo hantle.
Taba ea bobeli, morero oa ho eketsa betaine lijong e ka 'na ea amana le mosebetsi oa eona e le karolo e sireletsang ea organic penetrant.Mosebetsing ona, betaine e thusa lisele ho pholletsa le' mele ho boloka tekanyo ea metsi le mosebetsi oa sele, haholo-holo nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo.Mohlala o tsebahalang ke phello e ntle ea betaine ho liphoofolo tse tlas'a khatello ea mocheso.
Ho likolobe, liphello tse fapaneng tsa molemo tsa betaine supplementation li 'nile tsa hlalosoa.Sengoliloeng sena se tla tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a karolo ea betaine e le tlatsetso ea phepelo bophelong ba mala a likolobe tse khoesitsoeng.
Liphuputso tse 'maloa tsa betaine li tlalehile phello ea tšilo ea limatlafatsi ka har'a li-ileum kapa ka kakaretso ea likolobe. ka maleng a manyenyane, hobane lisele tsa mala ha li hlahise li-enzyme tse senyang fiber. Karolo ea fiber ea semela e na le limatlafatsi, tse ka lokolloang nakong ea ho senyeha ha fiber ena e nyenyane.
Ka lebaka leo, ho ile ha boela ha hlokomeloa taba e omileng e omileng le tšilo ea molora o sa hloekang.Ka kakaretso ea tšilo ea lijo, ho tlalehiloe hore likolobe tse tlatsitsoeng ka 800 mg betaine / kg lijo li ntlafalitse protheine e tala (+ 6.4%) le taba e omileng (+ 4.2% ) tšilo ea lijo.Ho phaella moo, phuputso e fapaneng e bontšitse hore ka ho tlatsetsa ka 1,250 mg / kg betaine, ho bonahala eka ho na le digestibility e feletseng ea protheine e tala (+ 3.7%) le karolo ea ether (+ 6.7%) e ntlafalitsoe.
E 'ngoe ea mabaka a ka bang teng bakeng sa keketseho e hlokomelehang ea tšilo ea limatlafatsi ke phello ea betaine tlhahisong ea enzyme. ka chyme e ile ea hlahlojoa (setšoantšo sa 1) .Li-enzyme tsohle ntle le maltase li bontšitse ts'ebetso e eketsehileng, 'me phello ea betaine e ne e bonahala haholo ho 2,500 mg betaine / kg ea lijo ho feta 1,250 mg / kg. Keketseho ea mosebetsi e ka ba phello ea keketseho. tlhahisong ea enzyme, kapa e ka ba phello ea keketseho ea katleho ea enzyme.
Setšoantšo sa 1-Mosebetsi oa enzyme ea tšilo ea mala ea likolobe tse tlatsitsoeng ka 0 mg/kg, 1,250 mg/kg kapa 2,500 mg/kg betaine.
Liteko tsa in vitro, ho ile ha pakoa hore ka ho eketsa NaCl ho hlahisa khatello e phahameng ea osmotic, ts'ebetso ea trypsin le amylase e ne e thibetsoe.Ho eketsa litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa betaine tekong ena ho ile ha tsosolosa phello ea ho thibela NaCl le ho eketseha ha mosebetsi oa enzyme. Leha ho le joalo, ha NaCl e sa sebetse. e kenyellelitsoe tharollong ea buffer, betaine ha e ame ts'ebetso ea enzyme sebakeng se tlase, empa e bonts'a phello ea inhibitory maemong a holimo.
Hase feela tšilo ea lijo e ntseng e eketseha e ka hlalosang keketseho e tlalehiloeng ea ts'ebetso ea kholo le sekhahla sa phepelo ea phepelo ea likolobe tse tlatselletsoang ka lijo tsa betaine.Ho eketsa betaine ho lijo tsa kolobe ho boetse ho fokotsa litlhoko tsa matla a tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo.Khopolo-taba ea phello ena e hlokometsoeng ke hore ha betaine e ka sebelisoa. ho boloka khatello ea intracellular osmotic, tlhokahalo ea lipompo tsa ion e fokotsehile, e leng mokhoa o hlokang matla. tlhokomelo.
Lisele tsa epithelial tse koahelang lerako la mala li hloka ho sebetsana ka katleho le maemo a fapaneng a osmotic a hlahisoang ke leseli nakong ea tšilo ea lijo. E le ho sireletsa lisele ho tloha maemong ana a phephetsang, betaine ke ntho ea bohlokoa ea ho kenella ka har'a lintho tse phelang. ka lijo tsa betaine concentration.Lisele tse leka-lekaneng hantle li tla ba le ho ata ho ntlafetseng le matla a molemo a ho hlaphoheloa.Ka lebaka leo, bafuputsi ba fumane hore ho eketsa boemo ba betaine ba likolobe ho eketsa bophahamo ba li-duodenal villi le botebo ba li-ileal crypts, le villi li tšoana haholo.
Phuputsong e 'ngoe, ho ka bonoa keketseho ea bophahamo ba villi ka duodenum, jejunum le ileum, empa ho ne ho se na phello botebong ba li-crypts. sebopeho sa mala se ka ba sa bohlokoa le ho feta tlas'a mathata a itseng (osmotic).
Thibelo ea mala e entsoe haholo ka lisele tsa epithelial, tse hokahaneng ka liprotheine tsa mateano tse thata.Botšepehi ba mokoallo ona ke ba bohlokoa ho thibela ho kena ha lintho tse kotsi le libaktheria tsa pathogenic, tse neng li tla baka ho ruruha.Bakeng sa likolobe, tse mpe. phello ea thibelo ea mala e nkoa e le phello ea tšilafalo ea mycotoxin lijong, kapa e 'ngoe ea liphello tse mpe tsa khatello ea mocheso.
E le ho lekanya tšusumetso ea phello ea thibelo, liteko tsa in vitro tsa lisele tsa lisele li atisa ho sebelisoa ho lekanya transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) .Ka tšebeliso ea betaine, TEER e ntlafetseng e ka bonoa litekong tse ngata tsa in vitro. e pepesehetse mocheso o phahameng (42 ° C), TEER e tla fokotseha (Setšoantšo sa 2) . Ho eketsoa ha betaine ho sekhahla sa kholo ea lisele tsena tse nang le mocheso ho hanyetsa ho fokotseha ha TEER, ho bontšang ho eketseha ha mocheso.
Setšoantšo sa 2-In vitro liphello tsa mocheso o phahameng le betaine ho cell transepithelial resistance (TEER).
Ho phaella moo, thutong ea in vivo ho likolobe tsa likolobe, polelo e ntseng e eketseha ea liprotheine tse thata (occludin, claudin1, le zonula occludens-1) ho jejunum tissue ea liphoofolo tse fumaneng 1,250 mg / kg betaine e lekantsoe ha e bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo. Ho phaella moo, e le letšoao la tšenyo ea mala a mala, mosebetsi oa diamine oxidase ka plasma ea likolobe tsena o fokotsehile haholo, e leng se bontšang hore ho na le thibelo e matla ea mala. e ne e lekanngwa ka nako ya polao.
Haufinyane tjena, liphuputso tse 'maloa li amahantse betaine le tsamaiso ea antioxidant' me li hlalositse li-radicals tsa mahala tse fokotsehileng, maemo a fokotsehileng a malondialdehyde (MDA), le mosebetsi o ntlafetseng oa glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
Betaine ha e sebetse feela e le osmoprotectant liphoofolong. Ho feta moo, libaktheria tse ngata li ka bokella betaine ka de novo synthesis kapa lipalangoang tse tsoang tikolohong. .Palo eohle ea libaktheria tsa ileal, haholo-holo bifidobacteria le lactobacilli, e eketsehile.Ho phaella moo, palo e tlaase ea Enterobacter e fumanoe mantleng.
Qetellong, ho hlokomeloa hore phello ea betaine ho bophelo bo botle ba mala a likolobe tse khoesitsoeng ke phokotso ea sekhahla sa letšollo. Phello ena e ka 'na ea itšetleha ka tekanyo ea lijo: tlatsetso ea lijo 2,500 mg / kg betaine e sebetsa ho feta 1,250 mg / kg betaine ho fokotsa sekhahla sa lets'ollo.Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea likolobe tse khoesitsoeng maemong a mabeli a tlatsetso e ne e tšoana.Bafuputsi ba bang ba bontšitse hore ha 800 mg/kg ea betaine e eketsoa, ​​sekhahla le sekhahla sa letšollo ho likolobe tse khoesitsoeng li tlase.
Betaine e na le boleng bo tlase ba pKa e ka bang 1.8, e lebisang ho arohaneng ha betaine HCl ka mor'a ho kenngoa, e lebisang ho gastric acidification.
Lijo tse thahasellisang ke bokhoni ba acidification ea betaine hydrochloride e le mohloli oa betaine.Meleng ea batho, li-supplement tsa betaine HCl hangata li sebelisoa hammoho le pepsin ho tšehetsa batho ba nang le mathata a mala le mathata a tšilo ea lijo. Tabeng ena, betaine hydrochloride e ka sebelisoa e le mohloli o bolokehileng oa hydrochloric acid.Le hoja ho se na tlhahisoleseding mabapi le thepa ena ha betaine hydrochloride e fupere phepo ea likolobe, e ka ba ea bohlokoa haholo.
Hoa tsebahala hore pH ea lero la ka mpeng ea likolobe tse khoesitsoeng e ka ba holimo haholo (pH> 4), e tla ama ts'ebetso ea pepsin precursor to its precursor pepsinogen. Optimal protein tshilo ha e bohlokoa feela hore liphoofolo li fumane phumaneho e ntle. Ho feta moo, protheine ea tšilo ea lijo e ka baka keketseho e kotsi ea likokoana-hloko tse nkang monyetla le ho eketsa bothata ba letšollo ka mor'a ho khoesoa. acidization.
Reacidification ena ea nako e khuts'oane e 'nile ea hlokomeloa thutong ea pele ho batho le lithutong tsa lintja.Ka mor'a tekanyo e le' ngoe ea 750 mg kapa 1,500 mg ea betaine hydrochloride, pH ea mpa ea lintja pele e neng e phekoloa ka li-agent tse fokotsang acid ea gastric e theohile haholo. hoo e ka bang 7 ho ea ho pH 2. Leha ho le joalo, ho lintja tsa ho laola tse sa phekoloeng, pH ea mpa e ne e ka ba 2, e neng e sa amane le betaine HCl supplementation.
Betaine e na le phello e ntle maphelong a mala a likolobe tse khoesitsoeng.Tlhahlobo ena ea lingoliloeng e totobatsa menyetla e fapaneng ea betaine ho ts'ehetsa tšilo ea limatlafatsi le ho monya, ho ntlafatsa litšitiso tsa 'mele tse sireletsang, ho susumetsa microbiota, le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho itšireletsa ba malinyane.