Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka unahi moʻomeheu a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, ua lilo ka maʻi o Apostichopus japonicus i mea koʻikoʻi, i lawe mai i nā poho nui i ka ʻoihana iʻa.ʻO nā maʻi o Apostichopus japonicus ka mea maʻamau e ka bacteria, nā maʻi a me nā ciliates, ma waena o ka maʻi palaʻili i hoʻokumu ʻia e Vibrio brilliant ka mea koʻikoʻi loa.Me ka aggravation o ka maʻi, ka paia kino o Apostichopus japonicus ulcers, hana uliuli a me ke keʻokeʻo kiko, a hope iho dissolves i ka make, dissolving i nasal mucus e like me colloid.I ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic.Akā ʻo ka hoʻohana lōʻihi o nā lāʻau antibiotic ʻaʻole wale ka pilikia huna o ka pale ʻana i ka bacteria a me nā koena o ka lāʻau, akā lawe pū kekahi i ka palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka pollution kaiapuni.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole, ʻaʻohe koena, hoʻomākaukau palekana e hōʻemi i ka maʻi o ke kukama kai kekahi o nā wahi wela o ka noiʻi o kēia manawa.

ʻO ka Potassium diformate kahi pauka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, maloʻo a ʻono ʻole.ʻO ia ka mea mua non antibiotic feed additive i ʻae ʻia e ka European Union e pani i nā lāʻau antibiotic.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona moʻomeheu, kaohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi bacteria, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hiki i ka Potassium diformate ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ulu a me ka hua o nā mea ola wai.

1 Nā hopena hoʻāʻo

1.1 Nā hopena o ka meaʻai potassium diformate i ka ulu a me ke ola ʻana o ka kukama kai Apostichopus japonicus

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o Apostichopus japonicus me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka meaʻai potassium diformate content.Ke hiki i ka 0.8% ka meaʻai potassium diformate, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka 1.0% a me 1.2% ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka Apostichopus japonicus ma mua o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui (P > 0.05) (papa 2-2).ʻO 100% ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka kukama kai ma nā hui āpau.

1.2 Nā hopena o ka diformate pāhaʻi meaʻai ma luna o nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi immune o ka kukama kai Apostichopus japonicus

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu, hiki i nā pae like ʻole o ka potassium dicarboxylate ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana phagocytic o nā coelomocytes a me ka hana ʻana o O2 - ma nā degere like ʻole (papa 2-3).I ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka potassium diformate ma 1.0% a me 1.2%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana phagocytic o nā coelomocytes a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive O2 - i loko o ka kukama kai ma mua o nā mea i loko o ka pūʻulu mana, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka 1% a me 1.2% mau pūʻulu potassium diformate, a i ʻole ma waena o nā pae ʻē aʻe o ka potassium diformate a me ka pūʻulu mana.Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka potassium dicarboxylate i loko o ka hānai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka SOD a me NOS o ke kukama kai.

1.3 Ka hopena o ka diformate potassium meaʻai i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka kukama kai i ka maʻi Vibrio brilliant

1.4 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻo 46.67% ka nui o ka make ʻana o ke kukama kai ma ka hui hoʻomalu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kēlā ma 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% a me 1.2% potassium diformate pūʻulu (26.67%, 26.67%, 30). %, 30% a me 23.33%), akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi me ka hui mālama 0.2% (38.33%).ʻO ka make ʻana o ke kukama kai ma 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% a me 1.2% potassium diformate pūʻulu ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui.

2. Kūkākūkā

2.1 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka ulu ʻana o ka kukama kai Apostichopus japonicus

I loko o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ka hana o ka potassium dicarboxylate ka mea nui e komo i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hoʻoponopono i ka pH, a pepehi i nā maʻi ʻino (Ramli a me sunanto, 2005).Eia kekahi, hiki i ka potassium diformate ke hoʻoikaika i ka absorption o nā meaʻai i ka meaʻai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka digestibility a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā holoholona moʻomeheu.I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona aquatic, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka diformate potassium i ka ulu a me ke ola o ka ʻōpae (he Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006).Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ke kai (Apostichopus japonicus) ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka potassium dicarboxylate e hānai ai, i kūlike me nā hopena o ka noi potassium dicarboxylate i nā puaʻa a me ka pau ʻana o nā puaʻa i hōʻike ʻia e verland.M (2000).

2.2 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka pale ʻana o ka kukama kai Apostichopus japonicus

Loaʻa i ka Apostichopus japonicus ke ʻano pale like ʻole me nā echinoderms ʻē aʻe, i hoʻopau ʻia e ka cellular a me ka non cellular (humoral).Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e ʻike a hoʻopau i nā kino haole e komo ana i ke kino holoholona, ​​a i ʻole e hana i nā kino ʻē i mea ʻino ʻole, a hoʻoponopono i nā ʻeha.Hoʻopau ʻia ka pane immune cell o nā echinoderms e nā ʻano coelomocytes, ka mea i hana i ka ʻōnaehana pale o nā echinoderms.ʻO nā hana nui o kēia mau pūnaewele he phagocytosis, cytotoxin reaction, a me ka hanaʻana i nā mea antibacterial i ka pae coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000).Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā coelomocytes e ka hua bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea paʻi paʻi bacterial e hana i nā ʻano oxygen reactive (ROS), me ka ʻole, H2O2, oh a me O2 -.Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, hoʻohui ʻia ka 1.0% a me 1.2% potassium dicarboxylate i ka meaʻai i hoʻonui nui i ka hana phagocytic o nā coelomocytes a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive.Eia nō naʻe, pono e aʻo hou ʻia ke ʻano o ka potassium diformate e hoʻonui ai i ka hana phagocytic a me O2.

2.3 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ke kai kūkaʻi Apostichopus japonicus

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka potassium dicarboxylate i formic acid a formate i loko o ka wahi alkaline nāwaliwali a komo i loko o nā cell microbial ma o ka membrane cell.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano ola o nā microorganism ʻino e like me Escherichia coli a me Salmonella ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waiwai pH i loko o nā cell a pale i kā lākou hana hou ʻana, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kaulike microecological intestinal (eidelsburger, 1998).ʻO ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate ma ka microflora intestinal, macroscopically, ʻo ka H + i hana ʻia e ka decomposition o ka potassium dicarboxylate e hōʻemi i ka waiwai pH i loko o ka ʻōpū a kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka microflora intestinal.ʻO ka microscopically, H + komo i loko o nā cell bacteria ma o ka membrane cell, hoʻopau pololei i ka hana o nā enzymes intracellular, pili i ka metabolism o ka microbial protein a me ka nucleic acid, a ke pāʻani nei i ka sterilization (Roth, 1998).Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka potassium diformate i ka nui o nā huakini ʻōpū o ke kukama kai, akā hiki iā ia ke pale nui i ka helu o Vibrio.

2.4 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi o ka kukama kai Apostichopus japonicus

ʻO Vibrio splendens ka bacteria pathogenic o ka maʻi palaha ʻili o ke kukama kai, he mea ʻino ia i ka hana ʻana a me ka mahi ʻana i ka kukama kai.Ua hōʻoia kēia hoʻokolohua ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka potassium dicarboxylate i loko o ka meaʻai i hōʻemi i ka make o ke kukama kai i loaʻa i ka Vibrio brilliant.Pili paha kēia i ka hopena pale o ka potassium diformate ma Vibrio.

3 Ka hopena

Ua hōʻike nā hualoaʻa he hopena koʻikoʻi ka meaʻai potassium diformate i ka ulu ʻana o Apostichopus japonicus, he hopena maikaʻi i ka pale ʻole o ka Apostichopus japonicus, a hoʻonui i ka humoral a me ka cellular immunity o Apostichopus japonicus.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka potassium dicarboxylate i loko o ka meaʻai i hoʻemi nui ʻia ka helu o nā hua bacteria ʻino i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kukama kai, a hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi o ke kukama i loaʻa me Vibrio brilliant.I ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka potassium dicarboxylate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika kino i ka hānai kai, a ʻo ke ʻano kūpono o ka potassium dicarboxylate he 1.0%.