Ngokukhula kwesikali samasiko kanye nokwanda kokuminyana kwesiko, isifo se-Apostichopus japonicus sesikhule kakhulu, esilethe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu embonini yezasemanzini.Izifo ze-Apostichopus japonicus zibangelwa ikakhulukazi amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nama-ciliates, phakathi kwawo i-skin rot syndrome ebangelwa i-Vibrio brilliant iyingozi kakhulu.Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, udonga lomzimba lwezilonda ze-Apostichopus japonicus, lwakha amachashaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namhlophe, futhi ekugcineni luncibilika luze lufe, luncibilike lube amafinyila asemakhaleni njenge-colloid.Ekuvimbeleni nasekulapheni izifo zendabuko, ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kabanzi.Kodwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic akugcini nje ngokuba nengozi efihliwe yokumelana namagciwane kanye nezinsalela zezidakamizwa, kodwa futhi kuletha ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokungangcolisi, okungeyona insalela, ukulungiswa okuphephile ukunciphisa isifo se-sea cucumber kungenye yezindawo ezishisayo ocwaningweni lwamanje.

I-Potassium diformate iyimpushana emhlophe ecwebezelayo, eyomile futhi ayinambitheki.Kuyisengezo sokuqala esingewona ama-antibiotic esigunyazwe yi-European Union ukuthi sithathe indawo yama-antibiotic.Ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezilwane ezikhulisiwe, ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, futhi ithuthukise indawo yamathumbu, i-Potassium diformate ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula kanye nesivuno sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

1 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa

1.1 Imithelela ye-potassium yokudla iphazamisa ukukhula nokuphila kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Izinga elithile lokukhula kwe-Apostichopus japonicus lenyuke kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kokudla kwe-potassium diformate.Lapho okuqukethwe kokudla kwe-potassium diformate kufinyelela ku-0.8%, okungukuthi, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-potassium diformate ekudleni kungu-1.0% no-1.2%, izinga elithile lokukhula kwe-Apostichopus japonicus laliphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, Kodwa kwakungekho umehluko ophawulekayo (P > 0.05) (ithebula 2-2).Izinga lokusinda kwe-sea cucumber laliyi-100% kuwo wonke amaqembu.

1.2 Imithelela ye-diformate potassium yokudla kuma-immune indexes we-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula, amazinga ahlukene e-potassium dicarboxylate angathuthukisa umthamo we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes nokukhiqizwa kwe-O2 - ngamadigri ahlukene (ithebula 2-3).Lapho i-potassium diformate yengezwa ku-1.0% no-1.2%, umsebenzi we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo i-O2 - kukhukhamba yasolwandle yayiphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yeqembu elilawulayo, kodwa kwakungekho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-1% kanye Amaqembu angu-1.2% e-potassium diformate, noma phakathi kwamanye amazinga e-potassium diformate neqembu lokulawula.Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni, i-SOD ne-NOS yekhukhamba yasolwandle yanda.

1.3 Umthelela we-diformate potassium ye-diformate ekumelana ne-sea cucumber ku-Vibrio brilliant infection.

Ezinsukwini ezingu-1.4 ngemuva kwenselelo, inani lokufa kwe-sea cucumber eqenjini elilawulayo lalingu-46.67%, okwakuphezulu kakhulu kunalokho ku-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kanye no-1.2% wamaqembu e-potassium diformate (26.67%, 26.67%, 30% %, 30% kanye 23.33%), kodwa awubanga khona umehluko omkhulu ngeqembu lokwelapha elingu-0.2% (38.33%).Ukufa kwe-sea cucumber ku-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kanye namaqembu we-potassium diformate angu-1.2% kwakungenayo umehluko omkhulu.

2. Ingxoxo

2.1 Umthelela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekukhuleni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Ezilwaneni, indlela yokusebenza ye-potassium dicarboxylate ngokuyinhloko iwukungena emgudwini wamathumbu, ukuthuthukisa imvelo yamathumbu, ukulawula i-pH, nokubulala amagciwane ayingozi (Ramli kanye ne-sunanto, 2005).Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium diformate ingaphinde ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ekudleni futhi ithuthukise izinga lokugayeka kokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezikhulisiwe.Ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane zasemanzini, ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi i-potassium diformate ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokukhula nezinga lokusinda kwezimfanzi (yena uSuxu, uZhou Zhigang, et al., 2006).Kulolu cwaningo, ukukhula kwekhukhamba lasolwandle (i-Apostichopus japonicus) kwakhuthazwa ngokungeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni, eyayihambisana nemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate kuma-piglets kanye nezingulube zokuqeda ezibikwe yi-verland.M (2000).

2.2 Umthelela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekuvikelekeni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Apostichopus japonicus inendlela yokuzivikela efanayo njengamanye ama-echinoderm, agcwaliswa ukusabela komzimba kwamaselula kanye nokungewona amaselula (okuhlekisayo).Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlonza nokuqeda imizimba yangaphandle engena emzimbeni wesilwane, noma ukwenza imizimba yangaphandle ibe izinto ezingenabungozi, nokulungisa amanxeba.Ukusabela kwamaselula omzimba we-echinoderms kuqedwa yizinhlobonhlobo zama-coelomocyte, akha uhlelo lokuzivikela lwe-echinoderms.Imisebenzi eyinhloko yala maseli ihlanganisa i-phagocytosis, ukusabela kwe-cytotoxin, nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilwa namagciwane ezingeni lokuhlangana (kudriavtsev, 2000).Enqubweni ye-phagocytosis, ama-coelomocyte angenziwa amagciwane noma izingxenye ze-bacterial cell wall ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS), kuhlanganise no, H2O2, oh no-O2 -.Kulesi sivivinyo, ukungeza i-1.0% kanye ne-1.2% ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-phagocytic wama-coelomocyte kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo.Kodwa-ke, indlela ye-potassium diformate ekhulisa umsebenzi we-phagocytic kanye ne-O2 - ukukhiqizwa kufanele kuqhutshekwe kufundwe.

2.3 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate emilanjeni yamathumbu ekhukhamba yolwandle i-Apostichopus japonicus

I-Potassium dicarboxylate ingaboliswa ibe yi-formic acid futhi yakheke endaweni ebuthakathaka ye-alkaline futhi ingene kumaseli amancane nge-membrane yeseli.Ingashintsha indawo ephilayo yama-microorganisms ayingozi afana ne-Escherichia coli ne-Salmonella ngokushintsha inani le-pH ngaphakathi kwamaseli futhi ivimbele ukuzala kwawo, ukuze ilawule ibhalansi ye-microecological yamathumbu (eidelsburger, 1998).Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ku-microflora yamathumbu, macroscopically, i-H + ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-potassium dicarboxylate yehlisa inani le-pH emathunjini futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-microflora yamathumbu.Nge-Microscopically, i-H + ingena emangqamuzaneni ebhaktheriya nge-membrane yeseli, ibhubhise ngokuqondile umsebenzi we-intracellular enzymes, ithinta umzimba we-microbial protein kanye ne-nucleic acid, futhi idlala indima ekubulaleni inzalo (Roth, 1998).Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-potassium diformate ayinawo umthelela omncane kubhaktheriya wamathumbu we-sea cucumber, kodwa yayingase ivimbele inani le-Vibrio.

2.4 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekumelaneni nezifo ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Vibrio splendens yi-bacteria ye-pathogenic ye-skin rot syndrome ye-sea cucumber, eyingozi ekukhiqizeni nasekutshalweni kwekhukhamba yasolwandle.Lokhu kuhlola kufakazele ukuthi ukwengeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kunciphisa ukufa kwekhukhamba yasolwandle etheleleke nge-Vibrio brilliant.Lokhu kungase kuhlobane nomphumela ovimbelayo we-potassium diformate ku-Vibrio.

3 Isiphetho

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-diformate ye-potassium yokudla ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, yaba nomthelela omuhle ekuvikelekeni okungaqondile kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, futhi yathuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwe-humoral kanye neselula ye-Apostichopus japonicus.Ukwengezwa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kunciphisa kakhulu inani lamagciwane ayingozi emathunjini ekhukhamba yasolwandle, futhi kwathuthukisa ukumelana nezifo zekhukhamba yasolwandle etheleleke nge-Vibrio brilliant.Sengiphetha, i-potassium dicarboxylate ingasetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokuzivikela ezifweni ze-sea cucumber feed, futhi umthamo ofanele we-potassium dicarboxylate ngu-1.0%.