Ngokwandiswa kwesikali senkcubeko kunye nokwanda koxinaniso lwenkcubeko, isifo se-Apostichopus japonicus siye sabaluleka kakhulu, nto leyo eye yazisa ilahleko enkulu kushishino lwasemanzini.Izifo ze-Apostichopus japonicus zibangelwa ikakhulu ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye ne-ciliates, phakathi kwazo i-skin rot syndrome ebangelwa yi-Vibrio brilliant yeyona nto inzima kakhulu.Ngokunyuka kwesi sifo, udonga lomzimba lwe-Apostichopus japonicus ulcers, lusenza amabala aluhlaza namhlophe, kwaye ekugqibeleni luzinyibilikise ekufeni, lunyibilika lube yi-mucus yeempumlo njenge-colloid.Kuthintelo lwezifo zesiNtu kunye nonyango, i-antibiotics isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-antibiotics akugcini nje ngokuba yingozi efihliweyo yokuxhatshazwa kwebhaktheriya kunye neentsalela zamachiza, kodwa kuzisa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwendawo engangcolisi, engeyiyo intsalela, ukulungiswa okukhuselekileyo kokunciphisa isifo sekhukhamba yolwandle yenye yeendawo ezishushu zophando lwangoku.

I-Potassium diformate yikristale emhlophe engumgubo, eyomileyo kwaye ayinancasa.Yeyokuqala isongezo sesondlo esingesosithinteli-ntsholongwane esamkelwe yiManyano yaseYurophu ukuba ithathe indawo yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.Inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezilwanyana ezikhuliswayo, inqanda ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi, kunye nokuphucula indawo yamathumbu, i-Potassium diformate inokuphucula kakhulu ukukhula kunye nesivuno sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

Iziphumo zovavanyo ezi-1

1.1 Iziphumo zedietary potassium diformate ekukhuleni nasekuphileni kwesea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Izinga elithile lokukhula kwe-Apostichopus japonicus lenyuke kakhulu ngokunyuka kwe-diformate content ye-potassium.Xa umxholo wokutya we-potassium diformate ufikelele kwi-0.8%, oko kukuthi, xa umxholo we-potassium diformate wawuyi-1.0% kunye ne-1.2%, izinga lokukhula elithile le-Apostichopus japonicus laliphezulu kakhulu kunolunye unyango, kodwa kwakungekho mahluko abalulekileyo (P. > 0.05) (itafile 2-2).Izinga lokusinda kwe-sea cucumber laliyi-100% kuwo onke amaqela.

1.2 Iziphumo zedietary potassium diformate kwi-immune indexes of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lokulawula, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-potassium dicarboxylate anokuphucula amandla e-phagocytic ye-coelomocytes kunye nokuveliswa kwe-O2 - kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo (itafile 2-3).Xa i-potassium diformate yongezwa kwi-1.0% kunye ne-1.2%, umsebenzi we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes kunye nokuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo i-O2 - kwikhukhamba yolwandle yayiphezulu kakhulu kuneqela lolawulo, kodwa kwakungekho mahluko abalulekileyo phakathi kwe-1% kunye I-1.2% ye-potassium diformate amaqela, okanye phakathi kwamanye amanqanaba e-potassium diformate kunye neqela lokulawula.Ngokunyuka komxholo we-potassium dicarboxylate kwisondlo, i-SOD kunye ne-NOS yekhukhamba yolwandle yanda.

1.3 Ifuthe le potassium ye dietary diformate ekumelaneni ne cucumber yaselwandle kwi Vibrio brilliant infection.

1.4 Kwiintsuku emva komngeni, inani lokufa kwe-sea cucumber kwiqela lolawulo laliyi-46.67%, eyayiphezulu kakhulu kunoko ku-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kunye ne-1.2% ye-potassium diformate amaqela (26.67%, 26.67%, 30% I-%, i-30% kunye ne-23.33%), kodwa kwakungekho mmahluko obalulekileyo kunye neqela le-0.2% yonyango (38.33%).Ukufa kwe-sea cucumber kwi-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kunye ne-1.2% yamaqela e-potassium diformate ayengenamahluko ubalulekileyo.

2. Ingxoxo

2.1 Impembelelo ye potassium dicarboxylate ekukhuleni kwe cucumber yolwandle Apostichopus japonicus

Kwizilwanyana, indlela yesenzo se-potassium dicarboxylate ikakhulu ukungena kwi-gastrointestinal tract, ukuphucula indawo yesisu, ukulawula i-pH, kunye nokubulala iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi (i-Ramli kunye ne-sunanto, i-2005).Ukongeza, i-potassium diformate inokukhuthaza ukufunxwa kwezondlo kwisondlo kunye nokuphucula ukucolwa kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezikhulisiwe.Ekusetyenzisweni kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba i-potassium diformate inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukukhula kunye nesantya sokusinda kwe-shrimp (he Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006).Kule sifundo, ukukhula kwekhukhamba yolwandle (i-Apostichopus japonicus) yakhuthazwa ngokungeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ukuze idle, eyayihambelana neziphumo ze-potassium dicarboxylate isicelo kwiihagu kunye nokugqiba iihagu ezichazwe yi-verland.M (2000).

2.2 Impembelelo ye potassium dicarboxylate ekukhuselekeni kwe cucumber yolwandle Apostichopus japonicus

I-Apostichopus japonicus inendlela efanayo yokukhusela njengezinye i-echinoderms, ezigqitywe yi-cell kunye ne-non-cell (humoral) impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuchonga kunye nokuphelisa imizimba yangaphandle engena kumzimba wesilwanyana, okanye ukwenza imizimba yangaphandle ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi, kunye nokulungisa amanxeba.Impendulo ye-cell immune ye-echinoderms igqitywe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-coelomocytes, ezenza inkqubo yokukhusela ye-echinoderms.Imisebenzi ephambili yezi seli ziquka phagocytosis, cytotoxin reaction, kunye nokuveliswa izinto antibacterial kwinqanaba coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000).Kwinkqubo ye-phagocytosis, i-coelomocytes inokunyanzelwa ngamagciwane okanye amacandelo e-bacterial cell wall ukuvelisa iintlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo (ROS), kuquka no, H2O2, oh kunye ne-O2 -.Kolu vavanyo, ukongeza i-1.0% kunye ne-1.2% ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes kunye nokuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo.Nangona kunjalo, indlela ye-potassium diformate yokwandisa umsebenzi we-phagocytic kunye ne-O2 - imveliso kufuneka ifundwe ngakumbi.

2.3 Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate kwintyatyambo yamathumbu ekhukhamba yolwandle Apostichopus japonicus

I-Potassium dicarboxylate inokubola ibe yi-asidi ye-formic kwaye ifomethwe kwindawo ebuthakathaka ye-alkaline kwaye ingene kwiiseli ze-microbial ngokusebenzisa i-membrane yeseli.Inokutshintsha indawo ephilayo ye-microorganisms ezinobungozi ezifana ne-Escherichia coli kunye ne-Salmonella ngokuguqula ixabiso le-pH ngaphakathi kweeseli kunye nokuthintela ukuveliswa kwazo, ukwenzela ukulawula i-intestinal microecological balance (eidelsburger, 1998).Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate kwi-intestinal microflora, i-macroscopically, i-H + eveliswa ngokubola kwe-potassium dicarboxylate inciphisa ixabiso le-pH emathunjini kwaye inqanda ukukhula kwe-intestinal microflora.I-Microscopically, i-H + ingena kwiiseli zebhaktheriya ngokusebenzisa i-membrane yeseli, iyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi we-intracellular enzymes, ichaphazela i-metabolism yeprotheni ye-microbial kunye ne-nucleic acid, kwaye idlala indima ekuzaleni inzala (Roth, 1998).Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba i-potassium diformate yayinesiphumo esincinci kwibhaktiriya yamathumbu ewonke ekhukhamba yolwandle, kodwa inokuthintela ngokuphawulekayo inani leVibrio.

2.4 Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekuxhathiseni isifo se-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Vibrio splendens yibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic ye-skin rot syndrome ye-cucumber yolwandle, eyingozi kwimveliso kunye nokulinywa kwekhukhamba yolwandle.Olu lingelo lubonise ukuba ukongeza i-potassium dicarboxylate kwisondlo kunciphisa ukufa kwekhukhamba yolwandle eyosulelwe yiVibrio brilliant.Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nefuthe lokuthintela i-potassium diformate kwiVibrio.

3 Isiphelo

Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba i-diformate ye-potassium yokutya ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, yaba nefuthe elihle kukhuseleko olungangqalanga lwe-Apostichopus japonicus, kwaye yaphucula ukugonywa kwe-humoral kunye neselula ye-Apostichopus japonicus.Ukongezwa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekutyeni kunciphise kakhulu inani leebhaktheriya ezinobungozi emathunjini ekhukhamba yolwandle, kwaye kwandisa ukuxhathisa kwesifo sekhukhamba yolwandle esosulelwe yiVibrio brilliant.Ukuqukumbela, i-potassium dicarboxylate ingasetyenziswa njenge-immune enhancer kwi-sea cucumber feed, kwaye idosi efanelekileyo ye-potassium dicarboxylate yi-1.0%.