Chifukwa chakukula kwa chikhalidwe komanso kuchulukana kwa chikhalidwe, matenda a Apostichopus japonicus ayamba kukulirakulira, zomwe zabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumakampani opanga zam'madzi.Matenda a Apostichopus japonicus amayambitsidwa makamaka ndi mabakiteriya, ma virus ndi ciliates, omwe amawola pakhungu chifukwa cha Vibrio brilliant ndizovuta kwambiri.Ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matendawa, khoma la thupi la Apostichopus japonicus zilonda, kupanga mawanga abuluu ndi oyera, ndipo potsiriza kudzikonda kumasungunuka mpaka kufa, kusungunuka kukhala ntchofu zamphuno ngati colloid.Popewa komanso kuchiza matenda, maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa maantibayotiki sikungokhala ndi ngozi yobisika ya kukana kwa mabakiteriya ndi zotsalira za mankhwala, komanso kumabweretsa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.Choncho, chitukuko chosaipitsa, chotsalira, kukonzekera kotetezeka kuchepetsa matenda a nkhaka zam'nyanja ndi imodzi mwa malo otentha a kafukufuku wamakono.

Potaziyamu diformate ndi woyera crystalline lotayirira ufa, youma ndi zoipa.Ndiwowonjezera woyamba wopanda ma antibiotic kuvomerezedwa ndi European Union kuti alowe m'malo mwa maantibayotiki.Itha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nyama zakutchire, kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya owopsa, ndikuwongolera malo am'mimba, Potaziyamu diformate imatha kusintha kwambiri kukula ndi zokolola za zamoyo zam'madzi.

1 zotsatira za mayeso

1.1 Zotsatira za zakudya za potaziyamu pakukula komanso kukhala ndi moyo kwa nkhaka za m'nyanja Apostichopus japonicus

Kukula kwapadera kwa Apostichopus japonicus kudakula kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya za potaziyamu diformate.Pamene zakudya za potaziyamu diformate zinafika 0.8%, ndiye kuti, pamene zakudya za potaziyamu diformate zinali 1.0% ndi 1.2%, kukula kwapadera kwa Apostichopus japonicus kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena, Koma panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu (P. > 0.05) (tebulo 2-2).Kupulumuka kwa nkhaka zam'nyanja kunali 100% m'magulu onse.

1.2 Zotsatira za zakudya za potaziyamu diformate pa chitetezo cha mthupi cha nkhaka za m'nyanja Apostichopus japonicus

Poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira, magawo osiyanasiyana a potaziyamu dicarboxylate amatha kusintha mphamvu ya phagocytic ya coelomocytes ndi kupanga O2 - mu madigiri osiyanasiyana (tebulo 2-3).Pamene potaziyamu diformate anawonjezera pa 1.0% ndi 1.2%, phagocytic ntchito coelomocytes ndi kupanga zotakasika mpweya mitundu O2 - mu nyanja nkhaka anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa gulu kulamulira, koma panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa 1% ndi 1.2% potassium diformate magulu, kapena pakati pa magulu ena a potaziyamu diformate ndi gulu lolamulira.Ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu dicarboxylate muzakudya, SOD ndi NOS ya nkhaka zam'nyanja zidakula.

1.3 Mphamvu ya zakudya za potaziyamu diformate pa kukana kwa nkhaka za m'nyanja ku matenda a Vibrio brilliant

Masiku 1.4 pambuyo pa zovuta, chiwerengero cha imfa za nkhaka zam'madzi mu gulu lolamulira chinali 46.67%, chomwe chinali chachikulu kwambiri kuposa 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% ndi 1.2% potassium diformate magulu (26.67%, 26.67%, 30% %, 30% ndi 23.33%), koma panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu ndi 0.2% gulu la mankhwala (38.33%).Kufa kwa nkhaka za m'nyanja mu 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% ndi 1.2% potassium diformate magulu analibe kusiyana kwakukulu.

2. Kukambitsirana

2.1 Mphamvu ya potassium dicarboxylate pakukula kwa nkhaka za m'nyanja Apostichopus japonicus

Mu nyama, limagwirira ntchito potassium dicarboxylate makamaka kulowa m`mimba thirakiti, kusintha m`mimba chilengedwe, kulamulira pH, ndi kupha mabakiteriya oopsa (Ramli ndi sunanto, 2005).Kuphatikiza apo, potaziyamu diformate imatha kulimbikitsanso kuyamwa kwa michere m'zakudya ndikuwongolera digestibility ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa nyama zakutchire.Pogwiritsa ntchito nyama zam'madzi, kuyesa kwawonetsa kuti potassium diformate imatha kusintha kwambiri kukula ndi kupulumuka kwa shrimp (iye Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006).Mu phunziro ili, kukula kwa nkhaka za m'nyanja (Apostichopus japonicus) kunalimbikitsidwa powonjezera potaziyamu dicarboxylate kuti idyetse, zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi zotsatira za potassium dicarboxylate mu ana a nkhumba ndi nkhumba zomaliza zomwe zinanenedwa ndi verland.M (2000).

2.2 Mphamvu ya potassium dicarboxylate pa chitetezo cha nkhaka za m'nyanja Apostichopus japonicus

Apostichopus japonicus ili ndi njira yodzitetezera yofanana ndi ma echinoderms ena, omwe amatsirizidwa ndi ma cellular ndi opanda ma cell (humoral) chitetezo cha mthupi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuzindikira ndi kuchotsa matupi akunja omwe amalowa m'thupi la nyama, kapena kupanga matupi akunja kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto, ndikukonza zilonda.Maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi a echinoderms amatsirizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya coelomocytes, yomwe imapanga chitetezo cha echinoderms.Ntchito zazikulu za maselowa ndi phagocytosis, cytotoxin reaction, ndi kupanga zinthu zowononga antibacterial pamlingo wa coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000).Mu ndondomeko ya phagocytosis, coelomocytes akhoza kukopeka ndi mabakiteriya kapena bakiteriya selo khoma zigawo zikuluzikulu kupanga zotakasika mpweya mitundu (ROS), kuphatikizapo ayi, H2O2, oh ndi O2 -.Pakuyesaku, kuwonjezera 1.0% ndi 1.2% potassium dicarboxylate pazakudya kumakulitsa kwambiri ntchito ya phagocytic ya coelomocytes ndikupanga mitundu yotakata ya okosijeni.Komabe, njira ya potassium diformate ikuwonjezera ntchito ya phagocytic ndi O2 - kupanga kuyenera kuphunziridwanso.

2.3 Mphamvu ya potassium dicarboxylate pa zomera za m'mimba za nkhaka za m'nyanja Apostichopus japonicus

Potaziyamu dicarboxylate imatha kuwola kukhala formic acid ndikupangika m'malo ofooka amchere ndikulowa mu cell cell kudzera mu cell membrane.Ikhoza kusintha malo okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga Escherichia coli ndi Salmonella mwa kusintha pH mtengo mkati mwa maselo ndikuletsa kubereka kwawo, kuti athe kulamulira matumbo a microecological balance (eidelsburger, 1998).Zotsatira za potaziyamu dicarboxylate pamatumbo a microflora, macroscopically, H + opangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa potaziyamu dicarboxylate amachepetsa pH mtengo m'matumbo ndikuletsa kukula kwa matumbo a microflora.Pang'onopang'ono, H + imalowa m'maselo a bakiteriya kudzera m'maselo a cell, imawononga mwachindunji ntchito ya ma enzymes a intracellular, imakhudza kagayidwe ka mapuloteni a microbial ndi nucleic acid, ndipo imagwira ntchito yoletsa kubereka (Roth, 1998).Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti potaziyamu diformate idakhudza pang'ono mabakiteriya am'mimba a nkhaka zam'nyanja, koma imatha kuletsa kuchuluka kwa Vibrio.

2.4 Mphamvu ya potassium dicarboxylate pa matenda a nkhaka za m'nyanja Apostichopus japonicus

Vibrio splendens ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a khungu lowola matenda a nkhaka zam'nyanja, zomwe zimawononga kupanga ndi kulima nkhaka zam'nyanja.Kuyesera kumeneku kunatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera potaziyamu dicarboxylate mu chakudya kumachepetsa kufa kwa nkhaka zam'madzi zomwe zili ndi Vibrio brilliant.Izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuletsa kwa potaziyamu diformate pa Vibrio.

3 Mapeto

Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti zakudya za potaziyamu diformate zidakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa Apostichopus japonicus, zidakhudza kwambiri chitetezo chamthupi cha Apostichopus japonicus, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chamthupi cha Apostichopus japonicus.Kuphatikizika kwa potaziyamu dicarboxylate muzakudya kunachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya owopsa m'matumbo a nkhaka zam'nyanja, ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa nkhaka zam'nyanja zomwe zili ndi Vibrio brilliant.Pomaliza, potaziyamu dicarboxylate itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi mu chakudya cha nkhaka zam'nyanja, ndipo mulingo woyenera wa potaziyamu dicarboxylate ndi 1.0%.