Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev nce ntawm kab lis kev cai ceev, tus kab mob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, uas tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau kev lag luam aquaculture.Cov kab mob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob thiab ciliates, ntawm cov tawv nqaij rot syndrome tshwm sim los ntawm Vibrio ci ntsa iab yog qhov loj tshaj plaws.Nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob, lub cev phab ntsa ntawm Apostichopus japonicus ulcers, tsim xiav thiab dawb me ntsis, thiab thaum kawg nws tus kheej dissolves kom tuag, yaj mus rau hauv qhov ntswg mucus zoo li colloid.Hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev kho mob, tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv dav.Tab sis kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob mus ntev tsis tsuas yog muaj kev phom sij zais cia ntawm cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj residues, tab sis kuj coj zaub mov kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab lom.Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tsis muaj kuab paug, uas tsis yog residue, kev nyab xeeb kev npaj kom txo tau tus kab mob ntawm hiav txwv dib yog ib qho ntawm cov kub qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tam sim no.

Potassium diformate yog dawb crystalline xoob hmoov, qhuav thiab tsis qab.Nws yog thawj zaug uas tsis yog tshuaj tua kab mob pub ntxiv tau pom zoo los ntawm European Union los hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob.Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob phem, thiab txhim kho txoj hnyuv ib puag ncig, Potassium diformate tuaj yeem txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab tawm los ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej.

1 Cov qhabnias xeem

1.1 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm hiav txwv dib Apostichopus japonicus

Qhov tshwj xeeb kev loj hlob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus tau nce ntxiv nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov poov tshuaj diformate.Thaum noj cov poov tshuaj diformate cov ntsiab lus tau mus txog 0.8%, uas yog, thaum noj zaub mov potassium diformate cov ntsiab lus yog 1.0% thiab 1.2%, qhov tshwj xeeb kev loj hlob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus tau nce siab dua li lwm cov kev kho mob, Tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (P > 0.05) (tab 2-2).Cov ciaj sia taus ntawm hiav txwv dib yog 100% hauv txhua pab pawg.

1.2 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm hiav txwv dib Apostichopus japonicus

Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm, cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov poov tshuaj dicarboxylate tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm phagocytic ntawm coelomocytes thiab tsim cov O2 - nyob rau hauv ntau qib (table 2-3).Thaum cov poov tshuaj diformate tau ntxiv ntawm 1.0% thiab 1.2%, phagocytic kev ua haujlwm ntawm coelomocytes thiab tsim cov pa oxygen reactive O2 - hauv hiav txwv dib tau ntau dua li cov hauv pawg tswj hwm, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm 1% thiab 1.2% potassium diformate pawg, lossis nruab nrab ntawm lwm theem ntawm potassium diformate thiab pawg tswj.Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm potassium dicarboxylate cov ntsiab lus hauv pub, SOD thiab NOS ntawm hiav txwv dib nce.

1.3 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm hiav txwv dib rau Vibrio ci ntsa iab kab mob

1.4 Hnub tom qab kev sib tw, qhov kev tuag ntawm hiav txwv dib hauv pawg tswj hwm yog 46.67%, uas yog qhov siab dua li ntawm 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% thiab 1.2% potassium diformate pawg (26.67%, 26.67%, 30 %, 30% thiab 23.33%), tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nrog 0.2% kev kho mob pawg (38.33%).Kev tuag ntawm hiav txwv dib hauv 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% thiab 1.2% potassium diformate pawg tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj.

2. Kev sib tham

2.1 Cov nyhuv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau kev loj hlob ntawm hiav txwv dib Apostichopus japonicus

Hauv cov tsiaj, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm potassium dicarboxylate feem ntau yog nkag mus rau hauv plab hnyuv, txhim kho plab hnyuv ib puag ncig, tswj pH, thiab tua cov kab mob phem (Ramli thiab sunanto, 2005).Tsis tas li ntawd, potassium diformate tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm cov as-ham hauv kev pub noj thiab txhim kho kev zom zaub mov thiab kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj txhu.Hauv kev siv cov tsiaj hauv dej, kev sim tau pom tias cov poov tshuaj diformate tuaj yeem txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab ciaj sia ntawm cw (he Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006).Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, kev loj hlob ntawm hiav txwv dib (Apostichopus japonicus) tau nce los ntawm kev ntxiv cov poov tshuaj dicarboxylate rau pub, uas yog raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm potassium dicarboxylate daim ntawv thov hauv piglets thiab tiav npua qhia los ntawm verland.M (2000).

2.2 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm hiav txwv dib Apostichopus japonicus

Apostichopus japonicus muaj tib txoj kev tiv thaiv ib yam li lwm yam echinoderms, uas yog ua tiav los ntawm cellular thiab non cellular (humoral) tiv thaiv kab mob.Nws yog tsuas yog siv los txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm lub cev txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev tsiaj, lossis ua rau lub cev txawv teb chaws rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo, thiab kho qhov txhab.Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes ntawm echinoderms yog ua tiav los ntawm ntau yam coelomocytes, uas tsim cov kab ke tiv thaiv ntawm echinoderms.Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb muaj xws li phagocytosis, cytotoxin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm qib coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000).Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm phagocytosis, coelomocytes tuaj yeem raug ntxias los ntawm cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob los tsim cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS), suav nrog tsis muaj, H2O2, oh thiab O2 -.Hauv qhov kev sim no, ntxiv 1.0% thiab 1.2% poov tshuaj dicarboxylate rau kev noj zaub mov kom nce phagocytic kev ua haujlwm ntawm coelomocytes thiab tsim cov pa oxygen reactive hom.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm potassium diformate nce phagocytic kev ua haujlwm thiab O2 - ntau lawm yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv.

2.3 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm poov tshuaj dicarboxylate rau plab hnyuv muaj ntawm hiav txwv dib Apostichopus japonicus

Potassium dicarboxylate tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv formic acid thiab formate nyob rau hauv lub zog alkaline ib puag ncig thiab nkag mus rau hauv microbial hlwb los ntawm cell membrane.Nws tuaj yeem hloov qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo xws li Escherichia coli thiab Salmonella los ntawm kev hloov pH tus nqi hauv cov hlwb thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov kev loj hlob, thiaj li tswj cov plab hnyuv microecological tshuav nyiaj li cas (edelsburger, 1998).Cov nyhuv ntawm poov tshuaj dicarboxylate ntawm plab hnyuv microflora, macroscopically, H + uas tsim los ntawm decomposition ntawm poov tshuaj dicarboxylate txo cov pH nqi hauv cov hnyuv thiab inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm plab hnyuv microflora.Microscopically, H + nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov cell membrane, ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov kev ua ntawm intracellular enzymes, cuam tshuam cov metabolism ntawm microbial protein thiab nucleic acid, thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kom tsis muaj menyuam (Roth, 1998).Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov poov tshuaj diformate tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau tag nrho cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv ntawm hiav txwv dib, tab sis nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus naj npawb ntawm Vibrio.

2.4 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm poov tshuaj dicarboxylate rau cov kab mob tiv thaiv ntawm hiav txwv dib Apostichopus japonicus

Vibrio splendens yog cov kab mob pathogenic ntawm daim tawv nqaij rot syndrome ntawm hiav txwv dib, uas yog teeb meem rau kev tsim thiab cog qoob loo ntawm hiav txwv dib.Qhov kev sim no tau ua pov thawj tias ntxiv cov poov tshuaj dicarboxylate hauv cov zaub mov txo qis kev tuag ntawm hiav txwv dib kis nrog Vibrio ci ntsa iab.Qhov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau inhibitory nyhuv ntawm potassium diformate ntawm Vibrio.

3 Kev xaus

Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev noj zaub mov poov tshuaj diformate muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog ntawm Apostichopus japonicus, thiab txhim kho kev lom zem thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes ntawm Apostichopus japonicus.Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov poov tshuaj dicarboxylate hauv cov khoom noj tau txo qis cov kab mob phem hauv cov hnyuv ntawm hiav txwv dib, thiab txhim kho cov kab mob tiv thaiv ntawm hiav txwv dib kis Vibrio ci ntsa iab.Hauv kev xaus, poov tshuaj dicarboxylate tuaj yeem siv los ua kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv hiav txwv dib pub, thiab qhov tsim nyog npaum li cas ntawm potassium dicarboxylate yog 1.0%.