Betaine, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo glycine trimethyl internal paʻakai, he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole a pōʻino ʻole, quaternary amine alkaloid.He prismatic keʻokeʻo a i ʻole lau e like me ke aniani me ka molecular formula c5h12no2, molecular kaumaha o 118 a me ka helu heheʻe o 293 ℃.He mea ʻono a he ʻano like me nā huaora.Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomoʻi i ka makū a me ka deliquesce ma ka lumi wela.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ka methanol a me ka ethanol, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka etera.Loaʻa i ka Betaine kahi hoʻolālā kemika ikaika, hiki ke kū i ka wela kiʻekiʻe o 200 ℃ a he kūpaʻa ikaika ka oxidation.Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i kēlābetainehiki ke hoʻololi i ka methionine i loko o ka metabolism holoholona.

Betainehiki ke hoʻololi piha i ka methionine i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka methyl.Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻohana ʻia ka methionine ma ke ʻano he substrate e hana ai i nā protein, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, komo ia i ka methyl metabolism ma ke ʻano he methyl donor.Betainehiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka betaine homocysteine ​​​​methyltransferase i loko o ke ake a hāʻawi pū i ka methyl ikaika, i hiki ke methylated methionine demethylation huahana homocysteine ​​e hana i ka methionine mai ka wā ʻōpala, i mea e hoʻolako mau ai i ka methyl no ka metabolism kino me ka nui o ka methionine e like me ka mea lawe. a me ka betaine ke kumu methyl, A laila, hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka methionine e hana i nā protein, hiki ke mālama i ka methionine a hoʻohana i ka mana.ʻO ka hui pū ʻana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻia ka betaine ma hope o ka methylated e hana i ka serine a me ka glycine, a laila hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā waikawa amino i ke koko (kamoun, 1986).

Hoʻonui ka Betaine i ka methionine, serine a me ka glycine i loko o ka serum.Puchala et al.Loaʻa nā hopena hoʻokolohua like i nā hipa.Hiki i ka Betaine ke hoʻohui i nā waikawa amino e like me arginine, methionine, leucine a me ka glycine i ka serum a me ka nui o nā amino acids i loko o ka serum, a laila pili i ka excretion o auxin;Betainehiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waikawa aspartic i ka n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) ma o ka methyl metabolism ikaika, a hiki i ka NMA ke hoʻopili i ka haku mele a me ka excretion o auxin i hypothalamus, a laila ke kiʻekiʻe o ka auxin i ke kino.