Betaine, tseem hu ua glycine trimethyl sab hauv ntsev, yog ib qho tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj teeb meem ntuj tsim, quaternary amine alkaloid.Nws yog dawb prismatic los yog nplooj zoo li siv lead ua nrog molecular mis c5h12no2, molecular hnyav ntawm 118 thiab melting point ntawm 293 ℃.Nws qab qab zib thiab yog ib yam khoom zoo ib yam li cov vitamins.Nws muaj zog noo noo khaws cia thiab yooj yim rau nqus noo noo thiab deliquesce ntawm chav tsev kub.Hom hydrated yog soluble hauv dej, methanol thiab ethanol, thiab me ntsis soluble hauv ether.Betaine muaj cov qauv tshuaj muaj zog, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm 200 ℃ thiab muaj zog oxidation tsis kam.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tiasbetaine uatuaj yeem hloov qee qhov methionine hauv cov tsiaj metabolism.

Betainetuaj yeem hloov methionine tag nrho hauv cov khoom ntawm methyl.Ntawm qhov tod tes, methionine yog siv los ua ib qho substrate los tsim cov proteins, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws koom nrog methyl metabolism raws li methyl pub.Betainetuaj yeem txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase hauv daim siab thiab muab cov tshuaj methyl ua ke, kom methionine demethylation khoom homocysteine ​​tuaj yeem ua methylated los tsim methionine los ntawm kos, thiaj li mus txuas ntxiv muab methyl rau lub cev metabolism nrog tsawg kawg ntawm methionine raws li tus neeg nqa khoom. thiab betaine raws li methyl qhov chaw, Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau ntawm methionine yog siv los tsim cov proteins, uas tuaj yeem txuag methionine thiab siv zog.Ua ke, betaine yog ntxiv degraded tom qab tau methylated los tsim serine thiab glycine, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau kom cov amino acids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav (kamoun, 1986).

Betaine nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm methionine, serine thiab glycine hauv cov ntshav.Puchala et al.Muaj kev sim zoo sib xws rau cov yaj.Betaine tuaj yeem ntxiv cov amino acids xws li arginine, methionine, leucine thiab glycine hauv cov ntshav thiab tag nrho cov amino acids hauv cov ntshav, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau kev tso tawm ntawm auxin;Betainetuaj yeem txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm aspartic acid mus rau n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) los ntawm kev siv zog methyl metabolism, thiab NMA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev tso tawm ntawm auxin hauv hypothalamus, thiab tom qab ntawd qib auxin hauv lub cev.