Betaine, womwe umadziwikanso kuti glycine trimethyl mchere wamkati, ndi wachilengedwe wopanda poizoni komanso wopanda vuto, quaternary amine alkaloid.Ndi prismatic yoyera kapena tsamba ngati kristalo wokhala ndi formula ya mamolekyulu c5h12no2, molekyulu yolemera 118 ndi malo osungunuka a 293 ℃.Imakoma ndipo ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mavitamini.Ili ndi kusungirako chinyezi champhamvu ndipo ndi yosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi ndi deliquesce kutentha kutentha.Mtundu wa hydrated umasungunuka m'madzi, methanol ndi ethanol, ndi kusungunuka pang'ono mu ether.Betaine ili ndi kapangidwe kake kamphamvu, imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa 200 ℃ ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa okosijeni.Kafukufuku wasonyeza zimenezobetaineimatha kusintha pang'ono methionine mu metabolism ya nyama.

Betaineakhoza kusintha kwathunthu methionine mu kotunga methyl.Kumbali imodzi, methionine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi kupanga mapuloteni, ndipo kumbali ina, imatenga nawo gawo mu methyl metabolism ngati methyl donor.Betaineimatha kulimbikitsa ntchito ya betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase m'chiwindi ndikupereka methyl yogwira pamodzi, kotero kuti methionine demethylation mankhwala homocysteine ​​​​akhoza kukhala methylated kuti apange methionine kuchokera pachiyambi, kuti apitirize kupereka methyl ya kagayidwe ka thupi ndi zochepa za methionine monga chonyamulira. ndi betaine monga gwero la methyl, Kenako, methionine yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapuloteni, omwe amatha kupulumutsa methionine ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Pamodzi, betaine amaipitsidwanso pambuyo popangidwa ndi methylated kuti apange serine ndi glycine, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid m'magazi (kamoun, 1986).

Betaine amawonjezera zomwe zili mu methionine, serine ndi glycine mu seramu.Puchala et al.Zinali ndi zotsatira zofanana zoyesera pa nkhosa.Betaine akhoza kuwonjezera amino zidulo monga arginine, methionine, leucine ndi glycine mu seramu ndi okwana kuchuluka kwa amino zidulo mu seramu, ndiyeno zimakhudza excretion wa auxin;Betaineikhoza kulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa aspartic acid kukhala n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) kupyolera mu mphamvu ya methyl metabolism, ndipo NMA ingakhudze mapangidwe ndi kutuluka kwa auxin mu hypothalamus, ndiyeno mlingo wa auxin m'thupi.