Betaine, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-glycine trimethyl ityuwa yangaphakathi, iyikhompawundi yendalo engenabungozi kwaye ayinabungozi, i-quaternary amine alkaloid.Yiprismatic emhlophe okanye igqabi elifana nekristale enefomula yemolekyuli c5h12no2, ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-118 kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ye-293 ℃.Inencasa eswiti kwaye iyinto efana neevithamini.Inokugcina ukufuma okuqinileyo kwaye kulula ukufunxa ukufuma kunye ne-deliquesce kwiqondo lokushisa.Uhlobo lwe-hydrated lunyibilika emanzini, i-methanol kunye ne-ethanol, kwaye i-soluble kancinane kwi-ether.IBetaine inokwakheka kweekhemikhali eyomeleleyo, inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu obungama-200 ℃ kwaye inokumelana ne-oxidation eyomeleleyo.Uphando luye lwabonisa ukubabetaineinokutshintsha ngokuyinxenye i-methionine kwimetabolism yezilwanyana.

Betaineinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo i-methionine kunikezelo lwe-methyl.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-methionine isetyenziswe njenge-substrate yokwenza iiprotheni, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithatha inxaxheba kwi-methyl metabolism njenge-methyl donor.Betaineinokukhuthaza umsebenzi we-betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase esibindini kwaye ibonelele nge-methyl esebenzayo kunye, ukuze imveliso ye-methionine demethylation i-homocysteine ​​ibe ne-methylated ukwenza i-methionine ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukuze iqhubeke nokubonelela nge-methyl yemetabolism yomzimba kunye nenani elincinci le-methionine njengomthwali. kunye ne-betaine njengomthombo we-methyl, Emva koko, ininzi ye-methionine isetyenziselwa ukwenza iiprotheni, ezinokugcina i-methionine kwaye isebenzise amandla.Ngokudibeneyo, i-betaine yonakaliswa ngakumbi emva kokuba i-methylated ukuvelisa i-serine kunye ne-glycine, kwaye emva koko yandise ukuxinwa kwe-amino acids egazini (kamoun, 1986).

I-Betaine yandisa imixholo ye-methionine, i-serine kunye ne-glycine kwi-serum.Puchala et al.Ibe neziphumo zovavanyo ezifanayo kwiigusha.I-Betaine inokongeza i-amino acids ezifana ne-arginine, i-methionine, i-leucine kunye ne-glycine kwi-serum kunye nenani elipheleleyo le-amino acids kwi-serum, kwaye emva koko ichaphazele ukukhupha i-auxin;Betaineinokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-aspartic acid kwi-n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) ngokusebenzisa i-methyl metabolism enamandla, kwaye i-NMA inokuchaphazela ukubunjwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-auxin kwi-hypothalamus, kwaye emva koko inqanaba le-auxin emzimbeni.