Chakudya ndicho chinsinsi cha nkhumba kuti idye bwino.Ndilo muyeso wofunikira kuwonjezera zakudya za nkhumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, komanso ukadaulo womwe ukufalikira padziko lonse lapansi.Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zakudya muzakudya sizingadutse 4%, zomwe ndi zapamwamba, ndipo mtengo wokwezera udzakwera, zomwe sizoyenera mtengo kwa alimi.

Funso 1: nchifukwa chiyani nkhumba zimafunikira chakudya ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera tsopano?

Mafuta a nkhumba, fungulo ndikudya mokhuta, idyani bwino.

Qiao Shiyan, pulofesa ku China Agricultural University, ananena kuti chakudya ndicho chinsinsi kuti nkhumba zidye bwino.Feed ndizakudya zowonjezerandizo maziko azinthu ndi chitsimikizo chaukadaulo chamakampani amakono a nkhumba, njira zofunikira zowonjezera zakudya za nkhumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, komanso ukadaulo womwe umalimbikitsidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.Ukadaulo woswana, kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya, kuswana, kulemera kwa nkhumba, mtundu wa nyama ndi chitetezo chazinthu zaku China ndizofanana ndi zomwe za United States, Germany, Denmark ndi mayiko ena akuluakulu a nkhumba, Mogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso malonda ogulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja. miyezo.

Zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zimaphatikizapozowonjezera zakudya, zowonjezera zowonjezera ndizowonjezera mankhwala, kukhala ndi mphamvu pang'ono mu chakudya.Chakudya chamtundu umodzi chimatha kuthetsa vuto la "kukhuta" kwa nkhumba, ndipo zowonjezera zakudya zimakhala ndi ma amino acid ndi mavitamini, omwe amathetsa vuto la "kudya bwino" kwa nkhumba.Kuonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa mankhwala owonjezera mu chakudya kungalepheretse ndikuwongolera matenda wamba komanso angapo a nkhumba.Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochotsa mankhwala pa nthawi yodyetsera, zotsalira za mankhwala mu nkhumba zimatha kuwongoleredwa mopanda vuto lililonse.Kuwonjezera ma antioxidants ndi zina zowonjezera muzakudya, zomwe zambiri zimakhala zofala ndi zowonjezera muzakudya, zimakhala zamagulu a chakudya, ndipo sizivulaza kukula kwa nkhumba kapena nkhumba.

Boma limaletsa mwatsatanetsatane kuwonjezera mankhwala a phenobarbital ndi ena oziziritsa komanso anticonvulsant muzakudya.Sikofunikira kuwonjezera mapiritsi ogona kuti nkhumba zigone kwambiri, kusuntha pang'ono ndikukula mafuta mofulumira, chifukwa ntchito ya nkhumba zogwidwa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kotero kuti zowonongeka sizifunikira.Urea, Arsenic Preparation ndi mkuwa zimaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa muzakudya, koma zonse zimakhala ndi zoletsa zofananira ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakufuna.Urea ndi mtundu wa feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni.Ngati urea wocheperako umagwiritsidwa ntchito muzoweta monga ng'ombe ndi nkhosa, ukhoza kuwola ndi urease wopangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a rumen of ruminants, ndiyeno ukhoza kuyamwa ndikugayidwa popanga mapuloteni.Nkhumba zilibe rumen nkomwe, kotero ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni mu urea.Ngati mlingowo ndi waukulu kwambiri, ukhoza kuyambitsa poizoni ndi imfa ya nkhumba.Ponena za zotsatira za kuwonjezera mkuwa, kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkuwa muzakudya kungalimbikitse kukula kwa nkhumba.Muyezo weniweni wowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkuwa ndikuti kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zamkuwa muzakudya za 1000 kg zisapitirire 200 g.

Funso 2: Nkhumba zingakule bwanji mpaka 200-300 Jin pakatha miyezi 6?

Nkhumba khalidwe ndi kuchuluka, kuswana sayansi ndi chinsinsi.

Wang Lixian, wofufuza pa Beijing Institute of Animal Weteries and Veterinary Medicine ku China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ananena kuti kuweta nkhumba zasayansi kumatha kutsimikizira zonse zabwino komanso kuchuluka kwake.Pakali pano, kuswana kwa nkhumba nthawi zambiri kumakhala masiku 150-180.Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimakula mwachangu komanso kunenepa kwafupipafupi kwa nkhumba ndi "zitatu zabwino": nkhumba yabwino, chakudya chabwino ndi bwalo labwino, ndiko kuti, mtundu wabwino wa nkhumba,chakudya chotetezekandi kuwongolera malo oswana.Kupanga nkhumba zamalonda makamaka ndi ternary hybrid ya Duroc, Landrace ndi nkhumba zazikulu zoyera.Ndi zachilendo kuti nkhumba zamtundu wapamwambazi zizigulitsidwa m'masiku 160.Nthawi yogulitsa nkhumba zabwino zakunja ndi yaifupi.Nthawi yonenepa ya nkhumba zoswana ndi mitundu yakomweko ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi yoswana ndi masiku 180-200.

Pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zonenepa nkhumba isanaphedwe, mlingo wa chakudya ndi wosiyana, ndipo mlingo wokwanira wa chakudya ndi pafupifupi 300 kg.Kukula kwa nkhumba kumawonjezeka ndi mwezi umodzi ngati sizikudyetsedwa ndi chakudya komanso kudyetsedwa ndi zakudya zamtundu wa nkhumba monga chimanga ndi udzu wa nkhumba.Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamakono ndi zowonjezera zakudya kumathandizira kwambiri kusintha kwa chakudya, kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira nkhumba, ndikuyika maziko olimba asayansi amakampani a nkhumba kuti apeze phindu labwino pazachuma komanso zachuma.Akuti pogwiritsa ntchito sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakono, kusinthika kwa chakudya chamagulu ku China kwakula kwambiri, ndipo gawo la sayansi ndiukadaulo pakuweta ziweto lapitilira 40%.Kukula kwa nkhumba za nkhumba kunakula kuchoka pa 4 ∶ 1 kufika pa 3 ∶ 1. M'mbuyomu, zinkatenga chaka chimodzi kuti nkhumba ikhale yoweta, koma tsopano ikhoza kugulitsidwa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso luso la kuswana. kupita patsogolo.

Wang Lixian adanena kuti malonda amakono a nkhumba omwe amadziwika ndi kuswana kwa nkhumba zazikulu akukula mofulumira, ndipo lingaliro la kuswana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala bwino.Pokonza malo oswana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osavulaza a manyowa a ziweto, mavuto a matenda aakulu a miliri ndi zotsalira za maantibayotiki zinathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.Kukula kwa nkhumba kunafupikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kulemera kwa nkhumba iliyonse nthawi zambiri kunali pafupifupi 200 kg.