Ukudla kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi ingulube idle kahle.Kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo sokwengeza ukondleka kwezingulube nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni.Ngokuvamile, ingxenye yezithako zokudla ekuphakeleni ngeke idlule ku-4%, ephakeme, futhi izindleko zokukhuphula zizokhuphuka nakanjani, okungafaneleki izindleko kubalimi.

Umbuzo 1: kungani izingulube zidinga izithasiselo zokudla manje?

Amafutha engulube, ukhiye yidla usuthe, udle kahle.

U-Qiao Shiyan, uprofesa e-China Agricultural University, uthe ukudla kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi izingulube zidle kahle.Okuphakelayo kanyeokuphakelayo izithasiseloziyisisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesiqiniseko sobuchwepheshe semboni yesimanje yezingulube, izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokwengeza umsoco wezingulube nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhuthazwa kabanzi emhlabeni.Ubuchwepheshe bokuzalanisa, ukusetshenziswa kokudla, umjikelezo wokuzalanisa, isisindo sengulube, ikhwalithi yenyama kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo waseShayina ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana nokwase-United States, eJalimane, eDenmark nakwamanye amazwe amakhulu ezingulube, Ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhweba kokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. izindinganiso.

Okuphakelayo izithasiselo, ezihlanganisaizithasiselo ezinomsoco, izithasiselo ezijwayelekile kanyeizithasiselo zezidakamizwa, ibe nomthelela omncane ekuphakeleni.Ukudla okukodwa kwendabuko kungaxazulula kuphela inkinga "yokusutha" kwezingulube, futhi izithasiselo zokudla okunomsoco ikakhulukazi ama-amino acid namavithamini ebanga lokuphakelayo, okuwukuxazulula inkinga "yokudla kahle" kwezingulube.Ukwengeza inani elifanele lezithasiselo zezidakamizwa ekudleni kungavimbela ngempumelelo futhi kulawule izifo ezivamile neziningi zezingulube.Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa esigabeni sokudla, izinsalela zezidakamizwa engulube zingalawulwa ebangeni elingenabungozi.Ukwengeza ama-antioxidants kanye nezinye izithasiselo ezijwayelekile ekudleni, iningi lazo elivamile nezithasiselo embonini yokudla, ziyingxenye yokudla, futhi azinawo umonakalo ekukhuleni kwezingulube noma ikhwalithi yengulube.

Isifunda sikwenqabela ngokusobala ukungeza i-phenobarbital nezinye izidakamizwa zokulutha ezilalisayo kanye ne-anticonvulsant ekuphakeleni.Akudingekile ukwengeza amaphilisi okulala ukuze izingulube zilale kakhulu, zihambe kancane futhi zikhule ngokushesha, ngoba umsebenzi wezingulube ezithunjiwe mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-sedative awadingeki.I-Urea, i-Arsenic Preparation kanye ne-copper kuvunyelwe ukuthi kwengezwe ekuphakeleni, kodwa konke kunokuhlinzekelwa okulinganiselwe okuhambisanayo futhi akufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuthanda kwakho.I-Urea uhlobo lomanyolo we-nitrogen ephezulu.Uma inani elincane le-urea lisetshenziswa ezilwaneni ezelusayo njengezinkomo nezimvu, lingabola nge-urease ekhishwa ama-rumen microorganisms ezilwane ezilusayo, bese lingamunca futhi ligaywe ngokuhlanganisa amaprotheni.Izingulube azinayo nhlobo i-rumen, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen ku-urea.Uma umthamo mkhulu kakhulu, uzoholela ngisho nasekufeni kwezingulube.Ngokuqondene nomphumela wokwengeza ithusi, ukwengeza kuphela inani elifanele lethusi ekudleni kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezingulube.Izinga elithile lokwengeza inani elifanele lethusi ukuthi inani le-additive yethusi ku-1000 kg feed akufanele lidlule ama-200 g.

Umbuzo 2: izingulube zingakhula kanjani zibe yi-200-300 Jin ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6?

Ikhwalithi yengulube kanye nenani, ukuzalanisa ngokwesayensi kuyisihluthulelo.

U-Wang Lixian, umcwaningi e-Beijing Institute of izilwane kanye nemithi yezilwane ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, uthe ukufuywa kwezingulube zesayensi kungaqinisekisa kokubili izinga kanye nenani.Njengamanje, umjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuzalanisa izingulube ngokuvamile izinsuku 150-180.Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhula ngokushesha kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhuluphalisa izingulube "zinhle ezintathu": ingulube enhle, ukudla okuhle kanye nombuthano omuhle, okungukuthi, uhlobo oluhle lwengulube,okuphakelayo okuphephilekanye nendawo yokuzalanisa eyenziwe ngcono.Ukukhiqizwa kwezingulube ezithengiswayo ikakhulukazi i-ternary hybrid ye-Duroc, i-Landrace kanye nezingulube ezinkulu ezimhlophe.Kujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zingulube zeqophelo eliphezulu zidayiswe cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-160.Isikhathi sokuthengisa sezingulube zangaphandle ezingcono sifushane.Isikhathi sokukhuluphalisa sokuzalanisa izingulube ngezinhlobo zasendaweni side kakhulu, kanti isikhathi sokuzalanisa isilinganiso siyizinsuku eziyi-180-200.

Ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhuluphalisa ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa kwengulube, isilinganiso sokudla sihlukile, kanti isilinganiso sokudla siphelele singama-300 kg.Umjikelezo wokukhula kwezingulube uzokhuliswa okungenani inyanga eyodwa uma zingaphakelwanga ngokudla futhi ziphakelwa kuphela ngokudla kwengulube yendabuko okufana nezinhlamvu eziqinile kanye notshani bezingulube.Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithako zokudla zesimanje kanye nezithasiselo zokudla kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokuguqulwa kokuphakelayo, kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezingulube, futhi kubeke isisekelo esiqinile sesayensi semboni yezingulube ukuze kutholwe izinzuzo ezinhle zezenhlalo nezomnotho.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwesayensi yokuphakelayo yesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe, izinga lokuguqulwa lokuphakelwa kwefomula eShayina lenyuke kakhulu, futhi izinga lomnikelo wesayensi nobuchwepheshe ekufuyweni kwezilwane lidlule kuma-40%.Izinga lokuguqulwa lokudla kwefomula lengulube likhuphuke lisuka ku-4 ∶ 1 laya ku-3 ∶ 1. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakuthatha unyaka owodwa ukufuya ingulube, kodwa manje ingathengiswa ngezinyanga eziyisithupha, okuyinto engenakuhlukaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokudla obulinganiselwe kanye nokuzalanisa. inqubekelaphambili.

U-Wang Lixian uthe imboni yesimanje yezingulube ebonakala ngokuzalanisa izingulube ezinkulu ikhula ngokushesha, futhi umqondo wokuzalanisa nezinga lokuphatha lihlala lithuthuka.Ngokwenza ngcono indawo yokuzalanisa nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okungenangozi komquba wemfuyo, izinkinga zezifo eziwumqedazwe ezinkulu nezinsalela zama-antibiotic zaxazululwa kancane kancane.Umjikelezo wokukhula kwezingulube wafinyezwa kancane kancane, futhi isisindo sengulube ngayinye ngokuvamile sasiba ngu-200 kg.