Kudyisa ndiyo kiyi yekuti nguruve idye zvakanaka.Ndiyo chiyero chinodiwa chekuwedzera chikafu chenguruve uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yezvigadzirwa, uye zvakare tekinoroji yakapararira munyika.Kazhinji kutaura, chikamu chekuwedzera kwekudya mukudya hachipfuure 4%, iyo yakakwirira, uye mari yekusimudza ichawedzera, iyo isingakodzeri mutengo kune varimi.

Mubvunzo 1: sei nguruve dzichida kudya uye kudya zvinowedzera zvino?

Nguruve mafuta, kiyi idya yakaguta, idya zvakanaka.

Qiao Shiyan, purofesa paChina Agricultural University, akati chikafu ndicho chinhu chinokosha kuti nguruve dzidye zvakanaka.Feed uyefeed additivesNdiwo hwaro hwezvinhu uye vimbiso yehunyanzvi yeindasitiri yenguruve yemazuva ano, matanho anodiwa ekuwedzera chikafu chenguruve uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa, uye zvakare tekinoroji inosimudzirwa zvakanyanya munyika.Iyo tekinoroji yekuberekesa, kushandiswa kwekudya, kutenderera kutenderera, huremu hwenguruve, mhando yenyama uye kuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa cheChina zvakangofanana neaya eUnited States, Germany, Denmark nedzimwe nyika hombe dzenguruve, Zvinoenderana nemitemo yepasirese uye kutengesa uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika. mipimo.

Zvokudya zvinowedzera, izvo zvinosanganisiranutritive additives, general additives uyezvinodhaka zvinowedzera, itai zvishoma mukudya.Chikafu chekudya chimwechete chinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko re "kuguta" kwenguruve, uye zvinovaka muviri zvinonyanya kudyisa giredhi amino acids uye mavhitaminzi, inova kugadzirisa dambudziko re "kudya zvakanaka" kwenguruve.Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvekuwedzera zvinodhaka mukudya kunogona kudzivirira nekudzora zvinowanzoitika uye dzakawanda zvirwere zvenguruve.Nekushandisa iyo nguva yekubvisa zvinodhaka muchikamu chekudyisa, mishonga inosara munguruve inogona kudzorwa mune isingakuvadzi.Kuwedzera antioxidants uye zvimwe zvakajairika zvinowedzera mukudya, mazhinji ayo akajairika neakawedzera muindasitiri yezvekudya, ndeye giredhi rekudya, uye haana chakaipa pakukura kwenguruve kana mhando yenguruve.

Nyika inorambidza zvakajeka kuwedzera phenobarbital uye mamwe sedative hypnotic uye anticonvulsant mishonga mukudya.Hazvidikanwi kuwedzera mapiritsi ekurara kuita kuti nguruve dzive dzakanyanya kurara, kufamba zvishoma uye kukura mafuta nokukurumidza, nokuti basa renguruve dzakatapwa iduku kwazvo, saka sedatives haidiwi.Urea, Arsenic Gadziriro uye mhangura zvinotenderwa kuwedzerwa mukudya, asi zvese zvine zvinoenderana zvinodzivirira uye hazvifanirwe kushandiswa pamadiro.Urea imhando yepamusoro nitrogen fetiraiza.Kana huwandu hushoma hweurea huchishandiswa muzvinocherwa semombe nehwai, hunogona kuparadzwa neurease inovanzwa nerumen microorganisms of ruminants, uyezve inogona kubatwa nekugayiwa nekugadzira mapuroteni.Nguruve hadzina rumen zvachose, saka zvakaoma kushandisa nitrogen mu urea.Kana iyo dosage yakakura kwazvo, inototungamira kune chepfu uye kufa kwenguruve.Kana iri mhedzisiro yekuwedzera mhangura, kungowedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemhangura mukudya kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwenguruve.Muyero chaiwo wekuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemhangura ndeyekuti huwandu hwemhangura yekuwedzera mu1000 kg feed haifanirwe kudarika 200 g.

Mubvunzo 2: nguruve dzinogona sei kukura kusvika ku200-300 Jin mushure memwedzi mitanhatu?

Hunhu hwenguruve uye huwandu, kubereka kwesainzi ndiyo kiyi.

Wang Lixian, muongorori paBeijing Institute of mhuka uye mushonga wemhuka weChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, akati kupfuya nguruve kwesainzi kunogona kuvimbisa hunhu uye huwandu.Parizvino, kuzvara kwenguruve kunowanzo mazuva 150-180.Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukura nekukurumidza uye kupfupika kwemafuta enguruve "matatu akanaka": nguruve yakanaka, chikafu chakanaka uye denderedzwa rakanaka, ndiko kuti, mhando yenguruve yakanaka,safe feeduye nharaunda yekuberekesa yakavandudzwa.Kugadzirwa kwenguruve dzekutengesa kunonyanya kuve ternary hybrid yeDuroc, Landrace uye hombe chena nguruve.Zvakajairika kuti nguruve idzi dzemhando yepamusoro dzitengeswe mumazuva angangoita zana nemakumi matanhatu.Nguva yekutengesa yenguruve dzekunze dziri nani ipfupi.Nguva yekudyara yekuyambuka nguruve nemarudzi emunharaunda yakareba, uye nguva yepakati yekuberekesa ndeye 180-200 mazuva.

Pamatanho akasiyana ekufudza nguruve isati yaurayiwa, chiyero chekudya chakasiyana, uye huwandu hwekudya hunosvika mazana matatu makirogiramu.Kukura kwenguruve kunozowedzerwa nemwedzi umwechete kana dzikasapihwa chikafu uye ichingodyiswa nechikafu chenguruve chakadai sehuswa hwakakasharara nehuswa hwenguruve.Kuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwechikafu chemazuva ano uye chekuwedzera chekudya chinovandudza zvakanyanya chiyero chekushandura chikafu, kuderedza mutengo wekugadzirwa kwenguruve, uye kuisa hwaro hwakasimba hwesainzi hweindasitiri yenguruve kuwana zvakanaka zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nekushandiswa kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji, chiyero chekushandurwa kwefodya muChina chakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye chiyero chesainzi uye tekinoroji mukupfuya mhuka chapfuura 40%.Kushandurwa kwechikafu chenguruve kwakawedzera kubva pa4 ∶ 1 kusvika ku3 ∶ 1. Kare, zvaitora gore kupfuya nguruve, asi ikozvino inogona kutengeswa mumwedzi mitanhatu, iyo isingaparadzaniswe kubva kune yakaenzana chikafu uye kubereka tekinoroji. kufambira mberi.

Wang Lixian akati indasitiri yenguruve yemazuva ano inoratidzwa nekupfuya nguruve yakakura iri kukura nekukurumidza, uye pfungwa yekuberekesa uye nhanho yekutarisira iri kuramba ichivandudza.Nekuvandudza nharaunda yekuberekesa uye nekushandisa kurapwa kusingakuvadzi kwemupfudze wezvipfuyo, matambudziko ehosha huru yehosha uye masara emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya akagadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma.Kukura kwenguruve kwakadzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye huremu hwenguruve yega yega hwaiwanzoita 200 kg.