Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā haʻawina i nā ʻiole ʻo ka betaine ka mea nui o ka methyl donor i loko o ke ake a ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ebetainehomocysteine ​​methyltransferase (BHMT) a me p-cysteine ​​sulfide β Synthetase（ β Hoʻoponopono i ka cyst (mud et al., 1965).Ua hōʻoia kēia hopena i nā puaʻa a me nā moa.Ke lawa ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka methyl, hana ke kino holoholona i ka waikawa hemiaminic kiʻekiʻe e ʻae i ka methyl o betaine ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o BHMT e synthesize methionine a laila hāʻawi i ka methyl.I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka betaine haʻahaʻa, ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka methyl i loko o ke kino, hoʻonui ke ake i nā manawa pōʻai o ka homocysteine ​​→ methionine ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana BMT a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka betaine ma ke ʻano he substrate, i mea e hāʻawi ai i ka methyl lawa no ka metabolism.Ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻohui exogenous o ka nui obetaine, ma kekahiʻaoʻao, hāʻawi ke ake i ka methyl no ka methyl receptor ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana BHMT, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo kahi ʻāpana o ka homocysteine ​​e hana i ka cysteine ​​​​sulfide ma o ke ala hoʻololi sulfur, i mea e mālama ai i ke ala methyl metabolism o ke kino i kahi paʻa ikaika. kaulike.Hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua he palekana ke hoʻololi i kahi hapa o ka methionine i ka ʻai broiler duck me ka betaine.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka Betaine e nā ʻōpū o ka moa, e hoʻemi i ka pōʻino o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā cell intestinal, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana absorption o nā ʻōpū o ka moa, hoʻoikaika i ka absorption o nā meaʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi hope i ka hana hana a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi o nā moa.

Betainehiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka huna ʻana o ka GH, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka synthesis o ka protein, hoʻemi i ka decomposition o nā waikawa amino a hoʻolilo i ke kino i ke kaulike nitrogen maikaʻi.Hiki i ka Betaine ke hoʻonui i ka cyclic adenosine monophosphate i loko o ke ake a me ka pituitary（ ˆ ʻO ka maʻiʻo o am, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka hana endocrine o ka pituitary a hoʻoikaika i ka synthesis a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o (h, thyroid stimulating hormone) e nā pituitary cell α SH a me nā hormones ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻonui. ka mālama ʻana i ka nitrogen o ke kino, i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona a me nā moa.Hōʻike ka ho'āʻo e hiki i ka betaine ke hoʻonui nui i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka serum h a me ka IGF i nā puaʻa ma nāʻano likeʻole, e hoʻoikaika nui i ka uluʻana o nā puaʻa ma nāʻano likeʻole a ho'ēmi i ka ratio kaumaha hānai.Ua hānaiʻia nā puaʻa weaned, nā puaʻa ulu a me ka hoʻopauʻana i nā puaʻa me nā meaʻai i hoʻonuiʻia me ka betaine 8001000 a me 1750ngkg i kēlā me kēia, a ua hoʻonuiʻia ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia lā e 8.71% N13 20% a me 13.32%, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka serum GH e 46.15%, 102.13% a me 102.13% i kēlā me kēia, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pae IGF e 38,74%, 4,75% a me 47,95% (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001).Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka betaine i loko o ka hānai ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hānau o nā lūlū, hoʻonui i ke kaumaha o ka hānau ʻana a me ka nui o ka litter ola o nā puaʻa, a ʻaʻohe hopena ʻino i nā lūlū hāpai.

Betainehiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanawanui o nā cell biological i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano osmotic kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopaʻa i ka hana enzyme a me ka ikehu kinetic o nā macromolecules biological.Ke hoʻololi ka osmotic pressure o nā cell tissue, hiki ke komo ʻia ka betaine e nā cell, pale i ka nalowale o ka wai a me ke komo ʻana o ka paʻakai o nā cell, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o Na pump o ka membrane cell, mālama i ke kaomi osmotic o nā cell tissue, hoʻoponopono i ke koena osmotic pressure o nā cell. , e ho'ēmi i ka pane kaumaha a hoʻonui i ke kū'ē i ka maʻi.BetaineLoaʻa nā ʻano like me ka electrolyte.Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōpala digestive e nā pathogens, loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena pale osmotic ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū puaʻa.Ke loaʻa i nā puaʻa ka nalo wai o ka ʻōpū a me ke kaulike ʻole o ka ion ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi, hiki i ka betaine ke pale pono i ka nalowale o ka wai a pale aku i ka hyperkalemia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi, i mea e mālama ai a hoʻopaʻa i ke koena ion o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a hana i nā hua bacteria maikaʻi i ka microbial flora o ʻO ka'ōpū'ōpū o nā puaʻa ma lalo o ke kaumaha o ka weaning,ʻaʻole e hoʻonuiʻia ka hua bacteria pōʻino i nā helu nui, e pale i ka mea huna maʻamau o nā enzymes i loko o ka'ōpū'ōpū a me ka paʻa o kā lākou hana, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ulu a me ka uluʻana o ka'ōnaehana digestive o nā puaʻa weaned, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ka digestibility a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hānai, hoʻonui i ka ʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻemi nui i ka maʻi maʻi a hoʻoikaika i ka ulu wikiwiki o nā puaʻa weaned.