Ucwaningo lwamagundane luqinisekisile ukuthi i-betaine idlala indima enkulu ye-methyl donor esibindini futhi ilawulwai-betainei-homocysteine ​​methyltransferase (BHMT) kanye ne-p-cysteine ​​sulfide β Synthetase (β Ukulawulwa kwe-cyst (udaka et al., 1965).Lo mphumela waqinisekiswa ezingulubeni nasezinkukhuni.Uma ukunikezwa kwe-methyl kunganele, umzimba wesilwane wenza i-hemiaminic acid ephezulu yamukele i-methyl ye-betaine ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-BHMT ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-methionine bese uhlinzeka nge-methyl.Lapho wengeza i-betaine yedosi ephansi, ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-methyl elinganiselwe emzimbeni, isibindi sandisa izikhathi zomjikelezo we-homocysteine ​​→ methionine ngokwandisa umsebenzi we-BMT nokusebenzisa i-betaine njenge-substrate, ukuze kuhlinzekwe i-methyl eyanele ye-metabolism yezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngemithamo ephezulu, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwangaphandle kwenani elikhului-betaineNgakolunye uhlangothi, isibindi sinikeza i-methyl ye-methyl receptor ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-BHMT, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye ye-homocysteine ​​​​yakha i-cysteine ​​sulfide ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa isulfure, ukuze kugcinwe indlela ye-methyl metabolism yomzimba endaweni eguquguqukayo ezinzile. ibhalansi.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi kuphephile ukushintsha ingxenye ye-methionine ekudleni kwedada le-broiler ufake i-betaine.I-Betaine ingamuncwa amangqamuzana amathumbu enkukhu, inciphise ukulimala kwezidakamizwa kumangqamuzana amathumbu, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana amathumbu enkukhu, ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, futhi ekugcineni ithuthukise ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kanye nokumelana nezifo kwezinkukhu.

I-Betaineingakhuthaza ukugcinwa kwe-GH, okungakhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, kunciphise ukubola kwama-amino acid futhi kwenze ibhalansi ye-nitrogen enhle emzimbeni.I-Betaine ingakhuphula i-cyclic adenosine monophosphate esibindini kanye ne-pituitary ( ˆ Okuqukethwe kwe-am, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi we-endocrine we-pituitary futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa nokukhululwa (h, i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid) ngamaseli we-pituitary α SH namanye amahomoni angakhula. ukugcinwa kwe-nitrogen emzimbeni, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwemfuyo nezinkukhu.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi i-betaine ingakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-serum h kanye ne-IGF ezingulubeni ezigabeni ezihlukene, ikhuthaze kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwezingulube ngezigaba ezahlukene futhi yehlise isilinganiso sesisindo sokudla.Izingulube ezilunyuliwe, izingulube ezikhulayo kanye nezingulube eziqedile zondliwa ngokudla okuhambisana ne-betaine 8001000 kanye ne-1750ngkg ngokulandelana, futhi inzuzo yansuku zonke yanda ngo-8.71% N13 20% no-13.32%, izinga le-serum GH lenyuke ngo-46.15%, 3% no-102%. ngokulandelana, futhi izinga le-IGF lenyuke ngo-38.74%, 4.75% no-47.95% ngokulandelana (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001).Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine ekudleni kungase futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuzala kwezingulube, kwandise isisindo sokuzalwa kanye nosayizi ophilayo wamaphuphu ezingulube, futhi akunawo umthelela omubi ezingulubeni ezikhulelwe.

I-Betaineingathuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo kuya ekushiseni okuphezulu, usawoti omningi kanye nemvelo ephezulu ye-osmotic, iqinise umsebenzi we-enzyme namandla e-kinetic wama-macromolecules ezinto eziphilayo.Lapho ingcindezi ye-osmotic yamangqamuzana ezicubu ishintsha, i-betaine ingamuncwa amaseli, ivimbele ukulahleka kwamanzi kanye nokungena kukasawoti kumaseli, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-Na pump ye-cell membrane, igcine ingcindezi ye-osmotic yamangqamuzana ezicubu, ilawule ibhalansi ye-osmotic yengcindezi yamaseli. , kunciphisa ukuphendula kokucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nezifo.I-Betaineinezici ezifana ne-electrolyte.Lapho umgudu wokugaya ukudla uhlaselwe amagciwane, unomphumela wokuvikela we-osmotic kumangqamuzana omzila wengulube yengulube.Lapho amazinyane engulube elahlekelwa amanzi emathunjini kanye nokungalingani kwe-ion ngenxa yohudo, i-betaine ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi futhi igweme i-hyperkalemia ebangelwa isifo sohudo, ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuzinze ibhalansi ye-ion yendawo yamathumbu futhi yenze amagciwane anenzuzo ezitshalo ezincane ze-microbial. Amagciwane ayingozi ngeke ande ngamanani amakhulu, avikele ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kwama-enzyme emgudwini wokugaya ukudla kanye nokuzinza komsebenzi wawo, athuthukise ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokugaya ukudla kwamantshontsho alunyulwayo, athuthukise ukutholakala kwama-enzaymu emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. ukugayeka kokudla kanye nezinga lokusebenzisa kokuphakelayo, ukwandisa ukudla okudliwayo kanye nesisindo sansuku zonke, kunciphisa kakhulu isifo sohudo futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula ngokushesha kwezingulube ezilunyuliwe.