Uphononongo kwiimpuku luqinisekisile ukuba i-betaine ikakhulu idlala indima ye-methyl donor esibindini kwaye ilawulwabetainei-homocysteine ​​methyltransferase (BHMT) kunye ne-p-cysteine ​​sulfide β Synthetase (β Ukulawulwa kwe-cyst (udaka et al., 1965).Esi siphumo saqinisekiswa kwiihagu kunye neenkukhu.Xa ukunikezelwa kwe-methyl kunganele, umzimba wezilwanyana wenza i-asidi ephezulu ye-hemiamini yamkele i-methyl ye-betaine ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-BHMT ukudibanisa i-methionine kwaye emva koko inike i-methyl.Xa wongeza i-betaine ye-dose ephantsi, ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwe-methyl elinganiselweyo emzimbeni, isibindi sandisa amaxesha omjikelezo we-homocysteine ​​→ methionine ngokunyusa umsebenzi we-BMT kunye nokusebenzisa i-betaine njenge-substrate, ukwenzela ukubonelela nge-methyl eyaneleyo kwi-metabolism yezinto eziphathekayo.Kwidosi ephezulu, ngenxa yokongezwa kwangaphandle kwesixa esikhulu sebetaineNgakolunye uhlangothi, isibindi sibonelela nge-methyl ye-methyl receptor ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-BHMT, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, inxalenye ye-homocysteine ​​​​ifomu i-cysteine ​​sulfide ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa isulfure, ukuze kugcinwe indlela ye-metabolism yomzimba kwindawo eguquguqukayo. ibhalansi.Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukutshintsha inxalenye ye-methionine kukutya kwedada lenyama yenyama nge-betaine.IBetaine inokufunxwa ziiseli zamathumbu enkukhu, inciphise umonakalo wamachiza kwiiseli zamathumbu, iphucule ukusebenza kweeseli zamathumbu enkukhu, ikhuthaze ukufunxwa kwezondlo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokumelana nezifo kweenkukhu.

Betaineinokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-GH, enokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheni, ukunciphisa ukubola kwe-amino acids kunye nokwenza umzimba ulungelelanise i-nitrogen.I-Betaine inokunyusa i-cyclic adenosine monophosphate kwisibindi kunye ne-pituitary ( ˆ Umxholo we-am, ukwenzela ukwandisa umsebenzi we-endocrine we-pituitary kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokukhululwa (h, i-thyroid stimulating hormone) ngeeseli ze-pituitary α SH kunye nezinye iihomoni zinokunyuka. ukugcinwa kwenitrogen emzimbeni, ukwenzela ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuyo kunye neenkukhu.Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-betaine inokunyusa kakhulu amanqanaba e-serum h kunye ne-IGF kwiihagu kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, ikhuthaza kakhulu izinga lokukhula kweehagu kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wokutya.Iingulube ezilunyuliweyo, iihagu ezikhulayo kunye nokugqiba iihagu zondliwa ngokutya ezongezwa nge-betaine 8001000 kunye ne-1750ngkg ngokulandelanayo, kwaye inzuzo yemihla ngemihla yanda ngo-8.71% N13 20% kunye ne-13.32%, izinga le-serum GH linyuke ngo-46.15%, 3% kunye ne-102%. ngokulandelanayo, kwaye inqanaba le-IGF lenyuke nge-38.74%, 4.75% kunye ne-47.95% ngokulandelanayo (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001).Ukongezwa kwe-betaine ekutyeni nako kunokuphucula indlela yokuzala kweemazi, ukonyusa ubunzima bokuzala kunye nobungakanani benkunkuma ephilayo yamantshontsho eehagu, kwaye ayinaziphumo zibi kwiimazi ezimithiyo.

Betaineinokuphucula ukunyamezela kweeseli zebhayoloji kubushushu obuphezulu, ityuwa ephezulu kunye nokusingqongileyo okuphezulu kwe-osmotic, ukuzinzisa umsebenzi we-enzyme kunye namandla e-kinetic ye-biological macromolecules.Xa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lweeseli zezicubu luguquka, i-betaine inokufunxwa ziiseli, ithintele ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokungena kwetyuwa kwiiseli, iphucule umsebenzi weNa pump ye-membrane yeseli, igcine uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic yeeseli zezicubu, ilawule uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic yeeseli. , ukunciphisa impendulo yoxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa izifo.Betaineineempawu ezifana ne-electrolyte.Xa i-digestive tract ihlaselwa yi-pathogens, inefuthe lokukhusela i-osmotic kwiiseli zesisu sehagu.Xa iihagu zilahlekelwa ngamanzi emathunjini kunye nokungalingani kwe-ion ngenxa yorhudo, i-betaine inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kwaye igweme i-hyperkalemia ebangelwa luhudo, ukuze kugcinwe kwaye kuzinziswe ibhalansi ye-ion yendawo yesisu kunye nokwenza ibhaktheriya enenzuzo kwi-microbial flora I-piglets 'gastrointestinal tract iphantsi koxinzelelo lokulunyulwa, iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi aziyi kuphindaphinda ngamanani amakhulu, zikhusele ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo kwee-enzymes kumzila wokugaya kunye nokuzinza komsebenzi wazo, ukuphucula ukukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokwetyisa kwamantshontsho alunyulwayo, ukuphucula indlela yokuphila. ukugaywa kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kokutya, ukonyusa ukutya kunye nokuzuza ubunzima bemihla ngemihla, ukunciphisa kakhulu urhudo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamantshontsho eehagu olunyuliweyo.