Enye yezinhlelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-betaine ekudleni kwezilwane ukonga izindleko zokudla ngokufaka esikhundleni se-choline chloride ne-methionine njengomnikeli we-methyl ekudleni kwezinkukhu.Ngaphandle kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza, i-betaine ingafakwa ngaphezulu ukuze isetshenziswe eziningana ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane.Kulesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi kuhlanganisani.

I-Betaine isebenza njenge-osmoregulator futhi ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokucindezeleka kokushisa kanye ne-coccidiosis.Ngenxa yokuthi i-betaine ithonya ukufakwa kwamafutha kanye namaprotheni, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidumbu nokunciphisa izibindi ezinamafutha.Izindatshana ezintathu ezibuyekeziwe ze-inthanethi zangaphambilini ku-AllAboutFeed.net zichaze kabanzi ngalezi zihloko ngolwazi olujulile lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukene (izingqimba, ingulube nezinkomo zobisi).Kulesi sihloko, sifingqa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukushintshwa kwe-methionine-choline

Amaqembu e-methyl abaluleke kakhulu kumetabolism yazo zonke izilwane, ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane azikwazi ukuhlanganisa amaqembu e-methyl ngakho-ke zidinga ukuzithola ekudleni kwazo.Amaqembu e-methyl asetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwe-methylation ku-remethylate methionine, kanye nokwenza izinhlanganisela eziwusizo ezifana ne-carnitine, i-creatine, ne-phosphatidylcholine ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-S-adenosyl methionine.Ukukhiqiza amaqembu e-methyl, i-choline ingafakwa i-oxidised ibe i-betaine ngaphakathi kwe-mitochondria (Umfanekiso 1).Izicelo zokudla ze-choline zingakhava kusuka ku-choline ekhona (yemifino) izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-phosphatidylcholine ne-choline uma sekukhona i-S-adenosyl methionine etholakalayo.Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-methionine kwenzeka ngokunikela nge-betaine elinye lamaqembu ayo amathathu e-methyl ku-homocysteine, nge-enzyme i-betaine-homocysteine ​​methyltransferase.Ngemva kokunikelwa kweqembu le-methyl, i-molecule eyodwa ye-dimethylglycine (DMG) isala, ekhishwa i-oxidised ibe i-glycine.Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine kukhonjisiwe ukunciphisa amazinga e-homocysteine ​​ngenkathi kuholela ekwenyukeni okuncane kwe-plasma serine kanye namazinga e-cysteine.Lokhu kukhuthazwa kwe-homocysteine ​​encike ku-betaine re-methylation kanye nokuncipha okulandelayo kwe-plasma homocysteine ​​​​kungagcinwa inqobo nje uma kuthathwa i-betaine eyengeziwe.Ngokuvamile, ucwaningo lwezilwane lubonisa ukuthi i-betaine ingakwazi ukuthatha indawo ye-choline chloride ngokusebenza okuphezulu futhi ingashintsha ingxenye ye-methionine ephelele yokudla, okuholela ekudleni okushibhile, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza.

Ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kwengcindezi yokushisa

Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zamandla ekudambiseni umzimba ekucindezelekeni kokushisa kungabangela ukonakala okukhulu kokukhiqiza emfuyweni.Imiphumela yengcindezi yokushisa ezinkomeni zobisi ngokwesibonelo idala ukulahlekelwa ngokwezomnotho kuka-€ 400 ngenkomo/ngonyaka ngenxa yokuncipha kwesivuno sobisi.Izikhukhukazi ezizalelayo zikhombisa ukusebenza okuncishisiwe futhi ezingulubeni ezinsikazini zokushisa zinciphisa ukudla kwazo, zizala ama-litter amancane futhi zibe nokwanda kokulunyulwa kwesikhawu se-oestrus.I-Betaine, eyi-dipole zwitterion futhi encibilika kakhulu emanzini ingasebenza njenge-osmoregulator.Yandisa amandla okugcina amanzi amathumbu nezicubu zemisipha ngokubamba amanzi ngokumelene ne-concentration gradient.Futhi ithuthukisa umsebenzi wepompo ye-ionic wamaseli wamathumbu.Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zamandla, ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukusebenza.Ithebula 1ibonisa isifinyezo sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yokushisa kanye nezinzuzo ze-betaine ziyaboniswa.

Ukuthambekela okuphelele ngokusetshenziswa kwe-betaine ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka kokushisa ukudla okuphezulu kokudla, impilo engcono kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwezilwane.

Izici zokuhlatshwa

I-Betaine iwumkhiqizo owaziwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izici zesidumbu.Njengomnikeli we-methyl, yehlisa inani le-methionine/cysteine ​​​​ye-deamination futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukwakheka kwamaprotheni aphezulu.Njengomnikeli oqinile we-methyl, i-betaine iphinde ikhulise ukwakheka kwe-carnitine.I-Carnitine ibandakanyeka ekuthuthweni kwama-fatty acids ku-mitochondria ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation, okuvumela isibindi kanye ne-carcass content lipids ukunciphisa.Okokugcina, nge-osmoregulation, i-betaine ivumela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle emzimbeni.Ithebula 3ifingqa inani elikhulu lezivivinyo ezibonisa izimpendulo ezingaguquki kakhulu ku-betaine yokudla.

Isiphetho

I-Betaine inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane.Akukhona nje ukonga izindleko zokuphakelayo, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kungatholwa ngokufaka i-betaine ekwakhiweni kokudla okusetshenziswa namuhla.Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza azaziwa kahle noma zisetshenziswa kabanzi.Noma kunjalo, bakhombisa igalelo ekwenyukeni kokusebenza kwezilwane (ezikhiqiza kakhulu) ezinezakhi zofuzo zesimanje ezichayeka ezinseleleni zansuku zonke ezifana nokucindezeleka kokushisa, isibindi esinamafutha kanye ne-coccidiosis.