UKUBALULEKA KOKONDLA I-BETAINE EZINKUKHUNI

Njengoba i-India iyizwe elishisayo, ingcindezi yokushisa ingenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu i-India ebhekene nazo.Ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kweBetaine kungaba yinzuzo kubafuyi bezinkukhu.I-Betaine itholwe yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu ngokusiza ukwehlisa ingcindezi yokushisa.Kuyasiza futhi ekwandiseni i-FCR yezinyoni kanye nokugaya kwe-fiber engahluziwe kanye namaprotheni angcolile.Ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ye-osmoregulatory, i-Betaine ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinyoni ezihlaselwe yi-coccidiosis.Kuyasiza futhi ekwandiseni isisindo esithambile sezidumbu zezinkukhu.

AMAZWI angukhiye

I-Betaine, Ingcindezi Yokushisa, Umnikezeli we-Methyl, Isengezo sokuphakelayo

ISINGENISO

Esimeni sezolimo saseNdiya, umkhakha wezinkukhu ungenye yezingxenye ezikhula ngokushesha.Njengoba amaqanda nokukhiqizwa kwenyama kukhuphuka ngenani lika-8-10% pa, i-India manje isingeyesihlanu ngobukhulu umkhiqizi wamaqanda kanye nomkhiqizi omkhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili wezinkukhu.Kodwa ukuba yingcindezi yokushisa kwezwe elishisayo kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu imboni yenkukhu ebhekene nazo eNdiya.Ingcindezi yokushisa yilapho izinyoni zichayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kunalawo afanele, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze ukusebenza okuvamile komzimba okuthinta ukukhula nokusebenza kokukhiqiza kwezinyoni.Kuphinde kube nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwamathumbu okuholela ekwehleni kokugayeka kokudla okunomsoco futhi kunciphise nokudla okudliwayo.

Ukunciphisa ingcindezi yokushisa ngokuphathwa kwengqalasizinda njengokuhlinzeka ngendlu evalekile, ama-air conditioner, indawo ethe xaxa ezinyonini kuvame ukubiza kakhulu.Esimeni esinjalo ukwelashwa okunomsoco usebenzisa izithasiselo zokudla ezifanaI-Betainekusiza ukubhekana nenkinga yokucindezeleka kokushisa.I-Betaine iyi-alkaloid ye-crystalline enomsoco etholakala ku-beet kashukela nokunye ukudla okuye kwasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi kanye nesisu kanye nokulawula ingcindezi yokushisa ezinkukhu.Itholakala njenge-betaine anhydrous ekhishwe ku-sugar beet, i-betaine hydrochloride ekukhiqizweni kokwenziwa.Isebenza njenge-methyl donor esiza ekwenzeni kabusha i-methylation ye-homocysteine ​​​​ku-methionine enkukhu kanye nokwenza izinhlanganisela eziwusizo ezifana ne-carnitine, i-creatinine ne-phosphatidyl choline ku-S-adenosyl methionine endleleni.Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwe-zwitterionic, isebenza njenge-osmolyte esiza ekulondolozeni i-metabolism yamanzi yamaseli.

Izinzuzo zokuphakela i-betaine ezinkukhu -

• Yenyusa izinga lokukhula kwezinkukhu ngokulondoloza amandla asetshenziswa kupompo ye-Na+ k+ ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu futhi ivumela la mandla ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukukhula.
• I-Ratriyanto, et al (2017) ibike ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-betaine ngo-0.06% no-0.12% kubangela ukwanda kokugaya amaprotheni angcolile kanye ne-fiber eluhlaza.
• Iphinde ikhulise ukugayeka kwento eyomile, i-ether extract kanye ne-non-nitrogen fiber extract ngokusiza ekwandiseni ulwelwesi lwamathumbu oluthuthukisa ukumuncwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisoco.
• Ithuthukisa ukugcwala kwama-acids ama-short chain fatty acids njenge-acetic acid ne-propionic acid edingekayo ukuze kubanjwe i-lactobacillus ne-Bifidobacterium ezinkukhuni.
• Inkinga yobulongwe obumanzi kanye nokwehla okulandelayo kwezinga likadoti kungathuthukiswa ngokufakwa kwe-betaine emanzini ngokugqugquzela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu ezinyoni ezichayeka ekucindezelekeni kokushisa.
• Ukwengezwa kwe-Betaine kuthuthukisa okuphakelayo kwe-FCR @1.5-2 Gm/kg(Attia, et al, 2009)
• Ingumnikezeli we-methyl ongcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne-choline chloride ne-methionine ngokwezindleko eziphumelelayo.

Imithelela yeBetaine ku-coccidiosis -

I-coccidiosis ihlotshaniswa ne-osmotic ne-ionic disorder njengoba ibangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nesifo sohudo.I-Betaine ngenxa yendlela yayo ye-osmoregulatory ivumela ukusebenza okuvamile kwamaseli ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamanzi.I-Betaine uma ihlanganiswe ne-ionophore coccidiostat (salinomycin) inomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwezinyoni ngesikhathi se-coccidiosis ngokuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-coccidial kanye nokuthuthuka futhi ngokungaqondile ngokusekela ukwakheka nokusebenza kwamathumbu.

Iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwezinkukhu -

I-Betaine ivuselela i-oxidative catabolism ye-fatty acid ngendima yayo ku-carnitine synthesis futhi ngaleyo ndlela futhi isetshenziswe njengendlela yokwandisa ukuqina nokunciphisa amafutha esidumbu sezinkukhu (Saunderson kanye no-macKinlay, 1990).Ithuthukisa isisindo somzimba wenyama, iphesenti lokugqokisa, ithanga, ibele kanye namaphesenti angama-giblets ezingeni lika-0.1-0.2 % ekudleni.Iphinde ibe nomthelela ekufakweni kwamafutha kanye namaprotheni futhi inciphise isibindi esinamafutha futhi inciphise amafutha esisu.

Iqhaza ekukhiqizeni isendlalelo -

Imiphumela ye-Osmoregulatory ye-betaine yenza izinyoni zikwazi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kokushisa okuvame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu wezingqimba ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuphezulu.Ezinkukhu ezizalelayo ukuncipha okukhulu kwesibindi esinamafutha kwatholakala ngokukhuphuka kwezinga le-betaine ekudleni.

ISIPHETHO

Kuzo zonke lezi zingxoxo ezingenhla kungaphethwa ngokuthii-betaineingabhekwa njengesengezo sokuphakelayo esingaba khona esingathuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kanye nezinga lokukhula ezinyonini kodwa futhi engenye esebenza kahle kakhulu kwezomnotho.Umphumela obaluleke kakhulu we-betaine yikhono layo lokulwa nokucindezeleka kokushisa.Iphinde ibe enye indlela engcono neshibhile ye-methionine ne-choline futhi imuncwa ngokushesha.Futhi ayinayo imiphumela eyingozi ezinyonini futhi alukho uhlobo lokukhathazeka ngempilo yomphakathi kanye namanye ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ezinkukhu.