ʻO Betaine, e like me ka choline a me ka methionine, i komo i loko o ka pūʻulu methyl metabolism i loko o ke ake a hāʻawi i kāna hui methyl labile no ka synthesis o kekahi mau pūhui metabolically koʻikoʻi e like me carnitine, creatine a me nā hormones (E nānā i ke kiʻi 1)

 

ʻO Choline, methionine a me betaine nā mea pili i ka metabolism o ka hui methyl.No laila, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka betaine ke hōʻemi i nā koi no kēia mau mea hāʻawi pūʻulu methyl.No laila, ʻo kekahi o nā noi kaulana loa o ka betaine i ka hānai holoholona ke hoʻololi (ma kahi o ka) choline chloride a hoʻohui i ka methionine i ka meaʻai.Ma muli o nā kumukūʻai o ka mākeke, mālama kēia mau mea pani i nā kumukūʻai hānai, me ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena hana.

Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka betaine e pani i nā methyldonors ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka betaine ma ke ʻano he waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka betaine i loko o ka hana hānai hiki ke loli a hilinaʻi i nā kumukūʻai o nā pūhui pili e like me ka choline a me ka methionine.Akā, ʻoi aku ka betaine ma mua o ka methyl hāʻawi i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka betaine i loko o ka hānai pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana.

ʻO Betaine ma ke ʻano he osmoprotectant

Ma waho aʻe o kāna hana ma ke ʻano he methyldonor, hana ʻo betaine ma ke ʻano he osmoregulator.Ke hoʻololi ʻole ʻia ka betaine e ke ake i loko o ka metabolism methyl group, hiki ke loaʻa i nā cell e hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he osmolyte organik.

Ma ke ʻano he osmolyte, hoʻonui ka betaine i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai intracellular, akā eia kekahi, e pale pū ia i nā hale kelepona e like me nā protein, nā enzymes a me DNA.He mea koʻikoʻi kēia waiwai osmoprotective o ka betaine no nā cell e loaʻa ana i ke kaumaha (osmotic).Mahalo i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou intracellular betaine concentration, hiki i nā cell stress ke mālama maikaʻi i kā lākou mau hana kelepona e like me ka hana ʻana o ka enzyme, DNA replication a me ka hoʻonui cell.Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka hana cellular, hiki i ka betaine ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana holoholona ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi (ka wela wela, coccidiosis challenge, salinity wai, etc.).ʻO ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o ka betaine i ka hānai ua hōʻike ʻia he pōmaikaʻi i nā kūlana like ʻole a no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole.

Nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine

ʻO ke kūlana i aʻo nui ʻia e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine ʻo ke kaumaha wela.Noho ka nui o nā holoholona i nā mahana o ka kaiapuni i ʻoi aku ma mua o ko lākou wahi hōʻoluʻolu wela, e alakaʻi ana i ke kaumaha wela.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi wela kahi kūlana maʻamau kahi e pono ai nā holoholona e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou kaulike wai.Ma muli o kona hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he osmolyte pale, hoʻopau ka betaine i ke koʻikoʻi wela e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi ʻana o ka ʻūhā i loko o nā broilers.

ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi wela o nā holoholona e hoʻoikaika i kā lākou hānai ʻana a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana.ʻAʻole i nā broilers wale nō, akā i nā papa, nā lūlū, nā rapeti, nā pipi a me nā pipi pipi, hōʻike nā hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana i ka wā wela a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.Eia kekahi, no ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke olakino ʻōpū, hiki i ka betaine ke kōkua.Hōʻike mau ʻia nā cell intestinal i ka maʻi hyperosmotic o ka ʻōpū a i ka hihia o ka diarrhoea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka osmotic challenge no kēia mau cell.He mea nui ka Betaine no ka pale osmotic o nā ʻōpū ʻōpū.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke koena o ka wai a me ka nui o ka cell ma o ka hōʻiliʻili intracellular o ka betaine ka hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka gut morphology (kiʻekiʻe villi) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka digestibility (ma muli o ka huna ʻana o ka enzyme i mālama maikaʻi ʻia a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻili no ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā meaʻai).ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine i ke olakino o ka ʻōpū i ʻōlelo nui ʻia i nā holoholona hoʻokūkū: e laʻa me ka moa me ka coccidiosis a me nā puaʻa weaning.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Betaine ma ke ʻano he modifer kino.ʻO nā hana he nui o ka betaine e pāʻani i ka protein-, ka ikehu- a me ka momona metabolism o nā holoholona.I loko o ka moa a me ka puaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻiʻo o ka umauma a me ka ʻiʻo wīwī, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi helu nui o nā haʻawina ʻepekema.ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka momona ka hopena i ka momona haʻahaʻa o nā kupapaʻu, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kino.

ʻO Betaine ma ke ʻano he hoʻonui hana

Hōʻike nā hopena maikaʻi a pau o ka betaine i ka waiwai o kēia meaʻai.No laila pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka betaine i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai e pani i nā methyldonors ʻē aʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hānai, akā ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hana e kākoʻo i ke olakino a me ka hana o nā holoholona.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau noi ʻelua ʻo ka dosage.Ma ke ʻano he methyldonor, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka betaine i ka hānai ma nā ʻano o 500ppm a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa.No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nā dosages o 1000-a-2000ppm betaine.ʻO kēia mau mea kiʻekiʻe ka hopena i ka betaine unmetabolized, e holo ana i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona, ​​i loaʻa no ka lawe ʻia ʻana e nā cell e pale iā lākou mai ke koʻikoʻi (osmotic) a no laila ke kākoʻo nei i ke olakino holoholona a me ka hana.

Ka hopena

Loaʻa i ka Betaine nā noi like ʻole no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole.I ka hānai holoholona hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka betaine ma ke ʻano he waiwai no ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hānai, akā hiki ke hoʻokomo pū ʻia i loko o ka meaʻai e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke olakino holoholona a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana.ʻOi aku i kēia mau lā, kahi e hoʻāʻo ai mākou e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, ʻo ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke olakino o nā holoholona he mea nui.Pono ʻo Betaine i kahi i loko o ka papa inoa o nā pūhui bioactive ʻē aʻe e kākoʻo i ke olakino holoholona.