Betaine ali, monga choline ndi methionine, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe ka methyl gulu m'chiwindi ndipo amapereka gulu lake la labile methyl kuti apange zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri za metabolic monga carnitine, creatine ndi mahomoni (Onani Chithunzi 1)

 

Choline, methionine ndi betaine zonse zimagwirizana mu metabolism ya gulu la methyl.Chifukwa chake, kuphatikizika kwa betaine kumatha kuchepetsa zofunika kwa opereka ena amagulu a methyl.Chifukwa chake, imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za betaine pazakudya za nyama ndikuchotsa (gawo la) choline chloride ndikuwonjezera methionine muzakudya.Kutengera mitengo yamsika, zosinthazi zimasunga mtengo wazakudya, ndikusunga zotsatira zake.

Betaine ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma methyldonors ena, betaine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu, kutanthauza kuti mlingo wa betaine mukupanga chakudya ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndipo zimatengera mitengo ya mankhwala ogwirizana monga choline ndi methionine.Koma, betaine sikumangopereka michere ya methyl komanso kuphatikiza kwa betaine muzakudya kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yopititsira patsogolo ntchito.

Betaine monga osmoprotectant

Kupatula ntchito yake ngati methyldonor, betaine amagwira ntchito ngati osmoregulator.Betaine ikapanda kupangidwa ndi chiwindi mu kagayidwe ka methyl gulu, imapezeka kuti maselo azigwiritsa ntchito ngati organic osmolyte.

Monga osmolyte, betaine imawonjezera kusungirako kwa madzi m'thupi, komanso imatetezanso mapangidwe a ma cell monga mapuloteni, michere ndi DNA.Katundu wa osmoprotective wa betaine ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa ma cell omwe ali ndi nkhawa (osmotic).Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma intracellular betaine, maselo opsinjika amatha kusunga bwino ntchito zama cell monga kupanga ma enzyme, kubwereza kwa DNA ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo.Chifukwa cha kusungidwa bwino kwa ma cell, betaine ikhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a nyama makamaka pazovuta zina (kupsinjika kwa kutentha, vuto la coccidiosis, mchere wamadzi, ndi zina).Kuphatikizika kowonjezera kwa betaine ku chakudya kwatsimikizira kukhala kopindulitsa muzochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama.

Zotsatira zabwino za betaine

Mwinanso chomwe chimaphunziridwa kwambiri pazabwino za betaine ndikupsinjika kwa kutentha.Zinyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo otentha omwe amapitilira malo awo otonthoza, zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha.

Kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi mkhalidwe womwe ndikofunikira kuti nyama ziziwongolera madzi bwino.Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yoteteza osmolyte, betaine amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha monga momwe zimasonyezedwera mwachitsanzo ndi kutsika kwa ng'anjo yamphongo ndi khalidwe lochepa la broilers.

Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nyama kumalimbikitsa kudya kwawo komanso kumathandizira kuti zisamagwire bwino ntchito.Osati mu broilers okha, komanso mu zigawo, zoweta, akalulu, mkaka ndi ng'ombe ng'ombe, malipoti amasonyeza phindu la betaine kusunga ntchito nthawi yotentha komanso chinyezi chambiri.Komanso, kuthandizira thanzi lamatumbo, betaine angathandize.Maselo am'mimba amakumana ndi hyperosmotic zomwe zili m'matumbo nthawi zonse ndipo ngati kutsekula m'mimba, vuto la osmotic la maselowa limakhala lokwera kwambiri.Betaine ndiyofunikira pachitetezo cha osmotic cha ma cell am'mimba.

Kusamalira kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma cell ndi kuchuluka kwa betaine kumapangitsa kusintha kwamatumbo am'matumbo (apamwamba villi) komanso digestibility yabwino (chifukwa cha kusungidwa bwino kwa ma enzyme komanso kuchuluka kwa pamwamba pakuyamwa kwa michere).Zotsatira zabwino za betaine pa thanzi la m'matumbo zimawonekera makamaka kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi vuto: mwachitsanzo, nkhuku zodwala coccidiosis ndi ana oyamwitsa.

Betaine amadziwikanso ngati chosinthira nyama.Ntchito zingapo za betaine zimathandizira pakupanga mapuloteni, mphamvu ndi mafuta a nyama.Zonse mu nkhuku ndi nkhumba, zokolola zambiri za nyama ya m'mawere ndi zokolola za nyama zowonda motsatira, zimanenedwa m'maphunziro ambiri a sayansi.Kulimbikitsana kwamafuta kumapangitsanso kuti mafuta azikhala ochepa m'mitembo, kumapangitsa kuti mitembo ikhale yabwino.

Betaine monga chowonjezera ntchito

Zotsatira zabwino zonse zomwe zanenedwa za betaine zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa michere iyi.Kuphatikiza kwa betaine pazakudya kotero kuyenera kuganiziridwa, osati kokha ngati chinthu cholowa m'malo mwa ma methyldonors ena ndikusunga ndalama zodyera, komanso ngati chowonjezera chothandizira kuthandizira thanzi la nyama ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Kusiyana pakati pa ntchito ziwirizi ndi mlingo.Monga methyldonor, betaine nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya pamlingo wa 500ppm kapena kutsika.Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri Mlingo wa 1000-to-2000ppm betaine amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mlingo wokwerawu umapangitsa kuti betaine osasinthika, aziyenda m'thupi la nyama, kupezeka kuti atengedwe ndi maselo kuti atetezedwe ku kupsinjika (osmotic) ndikuthandiza thanzi la nyama ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Mapeto

Betaine imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama.M'zakudya za ziweto betaine ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chochepetsera mtengo wa chakudya, koma imathanso kuphatikizidwa muzakudya kuti zikhale ndi thanzi la ziweto komanso kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.Makamaka masiku ano, komwe timayesetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, kuthandiza thanzi la nyama ndikofunikira kwambiri.Betaine ikuyeneradi kulowa pamndandanda wazinthu zina zopangira bioactive kuti zithandizire thanzi la nyama.