I-Betaine, njenge-choline ne-methionine, ibandakanyeka kumetabolism yeqembu le-methyl esibindini futhi inikela ngeqembu layo le-labile methyl ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlanganisela ezibalulekile ze-metabolic njenge-carnitine, i-creatine nama-hormone (Bheka Umfanekiso 1)

 

I-Choline, i-methionine ne-betaine zonke zihlobene ne-methyl group metabolism.Ngakho-ke, ukwengezwa kwe-betaine kunganciphisa izidingo zalaba abanye abanikeli beqembu le-methyl.Ngenxa yalokho, enye yezinhlelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-betaine ekudleni kwezilwane ishintsha (ingxenye) ye-choline chloride kanye ne-methionine engeziwe ekudleni.Kuye ngezintengo zemakethe, lokhu kushintsha ngokuvamile konga izindleko zokuphakelayo, kuyilapho kugcinwa imiphumela yokusebenza.

Uma i-betaine isetshenziswa esikhundleni samanye ama-methyldonors, i-betaine isetshenziswa njengempahla, okusho ukuthi umthamo we-betaine ekwenziweni kokuphakelayo ungashintsha futhi uncike emananini ezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlobene njenge-choline ne-methionine.Kodwa, i-betaine ingaphezu nje kwesakhi esinikela nge-methyl futhi ukufakwa kwe-betaine ekudleni kufanele kubhekwe njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

I-Betaine njenge-osmoprotectant

Ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine isebenza njenge-osmoregulator.Lapho i-betaine ingagawulwanga yisibindi kumetabolism yeqembu le-methyl, itholakala ukuze amaseli asetshenziswe njenge-osmolyte ephilayo.

Njenge-osmolyte, i-betaine ikhulisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi e-intracellular, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, izophinde ivikele izakhiwo zamaselula njengamaprotheni, ama-enzyme kanye ne-DNA.Le mpahla ye-osmoprotective ye-betaine ibaluleke kakhulu kumaseli abhekene nengcindezi (osmotic).Ngenxa yokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-betaine ye-intracellular, amangqamuzana acindezelekile angakwazi ukulondoloza kangcono imisebenzi yawo yeselula njengokukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme, ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA kanye nokwanda kwamangqamuzana.Ngenxa yokulondolozwa okungcono komsebenzi wamaselula, i-betaine ingase ibe namandla okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezilwane ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokucindezeleka (ukucindezeleka kokushisa, inselele ye-coccidiosis, usawoti wamanzi, njll).Ukwengezwa okwengeziwe kwe-betaine ekudleni kuye kwafakazela ukuthi kunenzuzo ezimweni ezihlukene nasezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezahlukene.

Imiphumela emihle ye-betaine

Mhlawumbe isimo esifundwe kakhulu mayelana nemiphumela yenzuzo ye-betaine ingcindezi yokushisa.Izilwane eziningi zihlala emazingeni okushisa emvelo adlula indawo yazo yokunethezeka eshisayo, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kokushisa.

Ingcindezi yokushisa yisimo esijwayelekile lapho kubalulekile ukuthi izilwane zilawule ibhalansi yazo yamanzi.Ngekhono layo lokusebenza njenge-osmolyte evikelayo, i-betaine ikhulula ingcindezi yokushisa njengoba kuboniswa isibonelo ngamazinga okushisa aphansi e-rectal kanye nokuziphatha okuncane kokuhefuzela kuma-broilers.

Ukunciphisa ingcindezi yokushisa ezilwaneni kukhuthaza ukudla kwazo futhi kusiza ekugcineni ukusebenza.Hhayi kuphela ezinkukhuni zezinkukhu, kodwa nasezinkundleni, ezingulubeni, ezingulubeni, onogwaja, ezinkomeni zobisi nezenyama yenkomo, imibiko ibonisa imiphumela enenzuzo ye-betaine ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo kanye nomswakama ophezulu.Futhi, ukusekela impilo yamathumbu, i-betaine ingasiza.Amaseli amathumbu ahlala echayeke ku-hyperosmotic content of the gut futhi uma kwenzeka isifo sohudo, inselele ye-osmotic kulawa maseli iyoba phezulu nakakhulu.I-Betaine ibalulekile ekuvikeleni i-osmotic yamaseli amathumbu.

Ukugcinwa kwebhalansi yamanzi kanye nevolumu yeseli ngokuqoqwa kwe-intracellular ye-betaine kuphumela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-gut morphology (i-villi ephezulu) kanye nokugayeka kokudla okungcono (ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-enzyme enakekelwa kahle kanye nokwanda kwendawo yokumunca izakhi).Imiphumela emihle ye-betaine empilweni yamathumbu ibonakala ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezinenselelo: isib. izinkukhu ezine-coccidiosis kanye nezingulube ezincelisayo.

I-Betaine yaziwa nangokuthi i-carcass modif.Imisebenzi eminingi ye-betaine idlala indima kumaprotheni-, amandla- kanye ne-fat metabolism yezilwane.Kokubili ezinkukhuni nasezingulubeni, isivuno esiphezulu senyama yebele kanye nesivuno senyama ethambile ngokulandelana, kubikwa enanini elikhulu lezifundo ze-scientifc.Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha nakho kuholela ekwakhiweni kwamafutha aphansi ezidumbu, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidumbu.

I-Betaine njengesithuthukisi sokusebenza

Yonke imiphumela emihle ebikiwe ye-betaine ibonisa ukuthi lesi sakhi singaba yigugu kangakanani.Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine ekudleni ngakho-ke kufanele kubhekwe, hhayi nje njengempahla yokubuyisela amanye ama-methyldonors kanye nezindleko zokulondoloza ukudla, kodwa futhi njengesengezo esisebenzayo sokusekela impilo nokusebenza kwezilwane.

Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zicelo ezimbili umthamo.Njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine ngokuvamile izosetshenziswa ekuphakeleni ngemithamo engu-500ppm noma engaphansi.Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokuvamile imithamo ye-betaine engu-1000-to-2000ppm isetshenziswa.Le mithamo ephezulu iphumela ekubeni i-betaine engasagayeki, ijikeleze emzimbeni wezilwane, etholakalayo ukuze ithathwe amaseli ukuze izivikele ekucindezelekeni (i-osmotic) futhi ngenxa yalokho isekele impilo yezilwane nokusebenza kwayo.

Isiphetho

I-Betaine inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane.Ekudleni kwezilwane i-betaine ingasetshenziswa njengempahla yokonga izindleko zokudla, kodwa ingabuye ifakwe ekudleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yezilwane kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.Ikakhulukazi kulezi zinsuku, lapho sizama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics, ukusekela impilo yezilwane kubaluleke kakhulu.I-Betaine ngokuqinisekile ifanelwe indawo ohlwini lwezinye izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive ukusekela impilo yezilwane.