Betaine, kimwe na choline na methionine, igira uruhare mu itsinda rya methyl metabolism mu mwijima kandi igatanga itsinda ryayo rya methyl kugirango ihuze ibice byinshi byingenzi bya metabolike nka karnitine, creine na hormone (Reba Ishusho 1)

 

Choline, methionine na betaine byose bifitanye isano na methyl group metabolism.Kubwibyo, kuzuza betaine birashobora kugabanya ibisabwa kubandi baterankunga ba methyl.Kubera iyo mpamvu, bumwe mu buryo buzwi bwa betaine mu biryo by'amatungo ni ugusimbuza (igice cya) choline chloride hanyuma ukongeramo methionine mu mirire.Ukurikije ibiciro byisoko, aba basimbuye muri rusange bazigama ibiciro byibiryo, mugihe bakomeza ibisubizo byimikorere.

Iyo betaine ikoreshwa mugusimbuza methyldonors, betaine ahubwo ikoreshwa nkigicuruzwa, bivuze ko dosiye ya betaine muguhindura ibiryo ishobora guhinduka kandi biterwa nibiciro byibintu bifitanye isano nka choline na methionine.Ariko, betaine irenze methyl itanga intungamubiri no gushyira betaine mubiryo bigomba gufatwa nkuburyo bwo kunoza imikorere.

Betaine nka osmoprotectant

Usibye imikorere yacyo nka methyldonor, betaine ikora nka osmoregulator.Iyo betaine idahinduwe numwijima muri methyl group metabolism, iraza kuboneka kugirango selile zikoreshwe nka osmolyte organic.

Nka osmolyte, betaine yongerera amazi mu nda, ariko kandi, izarinda kandi ingirabuzimafatizo nka poroteyine, enzymes na ADN.Uyu mutungo wa osmoprotective wa betaine ni ingenzi cyane kuri selile zifite ibibazo (osmotic).Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'imitsi ya betaine yo mu nda, ingirabuzimafatizo zirashobora kubungabunga neza imikorere ya selile nko gukora enzyme, kwigana ADN no gukwirakwiza selile.Bitewe no kubungabunga neza imikorere ya selile, betaine irashobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kunoza imikorere yinyamaswa cyane cyane mubihe bidasanzwe (guhangayika ubushyuhe, ikibazo cya coccidiose, umunyu wamazi, nibindi).Inyongera yinyongera ya betaine kubiryo byagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro mubihe bitandukanye ndetse nubwoko butandukanye bwinyamaswa.

Ingaruka nziza za betaine

Birashoboka ko ibintu byizwe cyane kubyerekeranye n'ingaruka nziza za betaine ni ubushyuhe bukabije.Inyamaswa nyinshi ziba mubushyuhe bwibidukikije zirenze ahantu heza h’ubushyuhe, biganisha ku guhangayika.

Guhangayikishwa n'ubushyuhe ni ibintu bisanzwe aho ari ngombwa ko inyamaswa zigenga amazi yazo.Nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora nka osmolyte ikingira, betaine igabanya ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe nkuko bigaragara kurugero nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwurukiramende hamwe nimyitwarire idahwitse muri broilers.

Kugabanya ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe mu nyamaswa biteza imbere ibiryo byazo kandi bifasha mukubungabunga imikorere.Ntabwo ari muri broilers gusa, ahubwo no mubice, kubiba, inkwavu, amata ninka zinka, raporo zerekana ingaruka nziza za betaine mugukomeza gukora mugihe cyizuba kimwe nubushuhe bwinshi.Kandi, kugirango ushyigikire ubuzima bwinda, betaine irashobora gufasha.Ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu nda zikomeza guhura na hyperosmotic yibigize munda kandi mugihe habaye impiswi, ikibazo cya osmotic kuri selile kizaba kinini.Betaine ningirakamaro mukurinda osmotic kurinda selile zo munda.

Kubungabunga amazi aringaniye hamwe nubunini bwakagari ukoresheje kwirundanya kwa betaine bivamo gutera imbere kwa morphologie yo mu nda (villi yo hejuru) hamwe no gusya neza (kubera imisemburo ya enzyme ikomeza neza hamwe nubuso bwiyongereye kugirango umuntu yinjire mu ntungamubiri).Ingaruka nziza za betaine ku buzima bwo mu nda zigaragara cyane cyane ku nyamaswa zitoroshye: urugero inkoko hamwe na coccidiose hamwe no konsa ingurube.

Betaine izwi kandi nka modiferi.Imikorere myinshi ya betaine igira uruhare muri poroteyine-, ingufu- n'ibinure bya metabolism yinyamaswa.Byombi mubiguruka ningurube, umusaruro winyama wamabere hamwe ninyama zinyama zinanutse, bivugwa mubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa siyanse.Gukusanya ibinure nabyo bivamo ibinure bike byintumbi, kuzamura ubwiza bwintumbi.

Betaine nkuwongera imikorere

Ingaruka zose zavuzwe nziza za betaine zerekana uburyo iyi ntungamubiri ishobora kuba iyagaciro.Kwiyongera kwa betaine mumirire rero bigomba kwitabwaho, ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa byo gusimbuza methyldonor gusa no kuzigama amafaranga yo kugaburira, ariko kandi nkibintu byongerera imbaraga ubuzima bwinyamaswa n’imikorere.

Itandukaniro riri hagati yibi bikorwa byombi ni dosiye.Nka methyldonor, betaine akenshi izakoreshwa mubiryo kuri dosiye ya 500ppm cyangwa no munsi.Kuzamura imikorere mubisanzwe dosiye ya 1000-kugeza 2000ppm betaine irakoreshwa.Iyi dosiye ihanitse itera betaine idasembuye, ikazenguruka mumubiri winyamanswa, iboneka kugirango ifatwe ningirabuzimafatizo kugirango ibarinde guhangayika (osmotic) bityo bigashyigikira ubuzima bwinyamaswa n'imikorere.

Umwanzuro

Betaine ifite uburyo butandukanye bwubwoko butandukanye bwinyamaswa.Mu biryo by'amatungo betaine irashobora gukoreshwa nk'igicuruzwa cyo kuzigama ikiguzi cy'ibiryo, ariko irashobora no gushyirwa mu ndyo yo kuzamura ubuzima bw'inyamaswa no kuzamura imikorere.Cyane cyane muri iki gihe, aho tugerageza kugabanya ikoreshwa rya antibiotike, gushyigikira ubuzima bwinyamaswa ningirakamaro cyane.Betaine rwose ikwiye umwanya murutonde rwibindi binyabuzima byunganira ubuzima bwinyamaswa.