I-Betaine, njenge-choline kunye ne-methionine, ibandakanyeka kwi-metabolism yeqela le-methyl esibindini kwaye inikela ngeqela layo le-labile methyl ukwenzela ukuhlanganiswa kweekhompawundi ezibalulekileyo ze-metabolic ezifana ne-carnitine, i-creatine kunye ne-hormone (Jonga uMfanekiso 1)

 

I-Choline, i-methionine kunye ne-betaine zonke zinxulumene ne-methyl group metabolism.Ke ngoko, ukuxhaswa kwe-betaine kunokunciphisa iimfuno zabanye abanikezeli beqela le-methyl.Ngenxa yoko, enye yezicelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-betaine kwisondlo sezilwanyana ithatha indawo (inxalenye ye) i-choline chloride kwaye yongeza i-methionine ekudleni.Ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso emarike, olu tshintsho ngokubanzi lugcina iindleko zesondlo, ngelixa lugcina iziphumo zokusebenza.

Xa i-betaine isetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yezinye i-methyldonors, i-betaine isetyenziswa njengempahla yorhwebo, okuthetha ukuba idosi ye-betaine ekuqulunqweni kwesondlo inokuguquguquka kwaye ixhomekeke kumaxabiso eekhompawundi ezinxulumeneyo ezifana ne-choline kunye ne-methionine.Kodwa, i-betaine ingaphezulu nje kwesondlo sokunikela nge-methyl kunye nokubandakanywa kwe-betaine kwisondlo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengendlela yokuphucula ukusebenza.

Betaine njenge osmoprotectant

Ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine isebenza njenge-osmoregulator.Xa i-betaine ingenziwanga i-metabolised sisibindi kwiqela le-methyl metabolism, ifumaneka ukuba iiseli zisetyenziswe njenge-osmolyte ye-organic.

Njenge-osmolyte, i-betaine ikwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi e-intracellular, kodwa ngaphezu koko, iya kukhusela izakhiwo zeselula ezifana neeprotheni, i-enzymes kunye ne-DNA.Le propati ye-osmoprotective ye-betaine ibaluleke kakhulu kwiiseli ezifumana (i-osmotic) uxinzelelo.Ngombulelo ekunyukeni kwe-intracellular concentration ye-betaine, iiseli ezigxininisiweyo zinokugcina ngcono imisebenzi yazo yeselula efana nokuveliswa kwe-enzyme, ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA kunye nokwanda kweeseli.Ngenxa yokugcinwa okungcono komsebenzi weselula, i-betaine inokuba namandla okuphucula ukusebenza kwezilwanyana ngokukodwa phantsi kweemeko ezixinzelelekileyo zoxinzelelo (uxinzelelo lobushushu, umngeni we-coccidiosis, ubutyuwa bamanzi, njl njl).Ukongezwa okongeziweyo kwe-betaine kwisondlo kubonakalise ukuba luncedo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.

Imiphumo emihle ye-betaine

Mhlawumbi eyona meko ifundiweyo malunga nenzuzo yebetaine luxinzelelo lobushushu.Uninzi lwezilwanyana zihlala kumaqondo obushushu okusingqongileyo adlula indawo yawo yokuthuthuzela, ekhokelela kuxinzelelo lobushushu.

Uxinzelelo lobushushu yimeko eqhelekileyo apho kubalulekile ukuba izilwanyana zilawule ukulingana kwamanzi azo.Ngokukwazi kwayo ukusebenza njenge-osmolyte ekhuselayo, i-betaine ikhulula uxinzelelo lobushushu njengoko kubonisiwe umzekelo ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi e-rectal kunye nokuziphatha okuncinci kokuphefumla kwiinkuku.

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kwizilwanyana kukhuthaza ukutya kwazo kwaye kunceda ekugcineni ukusebenza.Hayi kuphela kwibroilers, kodwa nakwiimaleko, iimazi, imivundla, iinkomo zobisi kunye nenyama yenkomo, iingxelo zibonisa iziphumo zenzuzo ye-betaine ekugcineni ukusebenza ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu.Kwakhona, ukuxhasa impilo yamathumbu, i-betaine inokunceda.Iiseli zamathumbu zihlala zichanabeke kumxholo we-hyperosmotic wamathumbu kwaye kwimeko yorhudo, umngeni we-osmotic kwezi seli uya kuba phezulu.I-Betaine ibalulekile ekukhuseleni i-osmotic yeeseli zamathumbu.

Ukugcinwa kokulinganisela kwamanzi kunye nomthamo weseli ngokuqokelelwa kwe-intracellular ye-betaine iziphumo ekuphuculeni i-gut morphology (i-villi ephezulu) kunye nokugaya okungcono (ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-enzyme egcinwe kakuhle kunye nokunyuka kwendawo yokufumana izondlo).Iziphumo ezilungileyo zebetaine kwimpilo yamathumbu zibonakala ngakumbi kwizilwanyana ezinomngeni: umzekelo inkukhu enecoccidiosis kunye namantshontsho alunyulwayo.

I-Betaine ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-carcass modif.Imisebenzi emininzi ye-betaine idlala indima kwiprotheyini-, amandla- kunye nemetabolism yamafutha ezilwanyana.Zombini kwinkukhu kunye neehagu, isivuno esiphezulu senyama yamabele kunye nemveliso yenyama ebhityileyo ngokulandelelana, zixelwe kwinani elikhulu lezifundo ze-scientifc.Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha kuphinda kubangele umxholo wamafutha aphantsi kwizidumbu, ukuphucula umgangatho we-carcass.

Betaine njengesixhasi sokusebenza

Zonke iziphumo ezilungileyo ezixeliweyo ze-betaine zibonisa ukuba esi sondlo sinokuxabiseka kangakanani.Ukongezwa kwe-betaine ekutyeni ngoko kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, kungekhona nje njengempahla yokuthengisa enye i-methyldonors kunye neendleko zokugcina ukutya, kodwa njengesongezo esisebenzayo sokuxhasa impilo yezilwanyana kunye nokusebenza.

Umahluko phakathi kwezi zicelo zimbini yidosi.Njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine ihlala isetyenziselwa ukutya kwiidosi ze-500ppm okanye nangaphantsi.Ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo iidosi ze-1000-to-2000ppm betaine ziyasetyenziswa.Ezi dosi ziphezulu zikhokelela kwi-betaine engasetyenziswanga, ejikeleza emzimbeni wezilwanyana, ekhoyo ukuze ifunwe ziiseli ukuze zizikhusele kuxinzelelo (lwe-osmotic) kwaye zixhase impilo yezilwanyana nokusebenza kwazo.

Ukuqukumbela

I-Betaine inezicelo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.Kwisondlo sezilwanyana i-betaine ingasetyenziswa njengempahla yorhwebo yokonga iindleko zesondlo, kodwa inokuqukwa ekutyeni ukuze kuphuculwe impilo yezilwanyana kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.Ngokukodwa kule mihla, apho sizama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-antibiotics, ukuxhasa impilo yezilwanyana kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngokuqinisekileyo iBetaine ifanelwe yindawo kuluhlu lwezinye iikhompawundi zebioactive ukuxhasa impilo yezilwanyana.