Betaine yakafanana necholine uye methionine, inobatanidzwa mune methyl boka metabolism muchiropa uye inopa labile methyl boka rekubatanidza kweakawanda metabolic akakosha makomisheni akadai carnitine, creatine uye mahomoni (Ona Mufananidzo 1)

 

Choline, methionine uye betaine zvese zvine hukama mumethyl group metabolism.Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kwe betaine kunogona kuderedza zvinodiwa kune aya mamwe mamethyl boka vanopa.Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe yeanozivikanwa maapplication e betaine mukudya kwemhuka iri kutsiva (chikamu che) choline chloride uye yakawedzera methionine mukudya.Zvichienderana nemitengo yemusika, izvi zvinotsiva zvakajairika chengetedza mari yekudya, uku uchichengetedza maitiro ekuita.

Kana betaine ichishandiswa kutsiva mamwe mamethyldonors, betaine inoshandiswa sechinhu, zvichireva kuti dosi ye betaine mukugadzira chikafu inogona kushanduka uye zvinoenderana nemitengo yemakemikari ane hukama akadai secholine uye methionine.Asi, betaine inopfuura kungoita methyl inopa chikafu uye kuiswa kwe betaine mukudya kunofanirwa kutariswa senzira yekuvandudza mashandiro.

Betaine se osmoprotectant

Kunze kwebasa rayo semethyldonor, betaine inoshanda se osmoregulator.Kana betaine isiri metabolised nechiropa mumethyl group metabolism, inouya inowanikwa kuti masero ashandise se organic osmolyte.

Senge osmolyte, betaine inowedzera intracellular kuchengetwa kwemvura, asi zvakare, inodzivirirawo masero semapuroteni, enzymes uye DNA.Iyi osmoprotective pfuma ye betaine yakakosha kune maseru ari kusangana (osmotic) kushushikana.Nekuda kwekuwedzera kweiyo intracellular betaine concentration, masero akatsikirirwa anogona kuchengetedza zvirinani mabasa avo emagetsi senge kugadzirwa kwe enzyme, kudzokorora kweDNA uye kuwedzera kwesero.Nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kuri nani kwesero basa, betaine inogona kuve nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza mashandiro emhuka kunyanya pasi pemamiriro ekunetsekana (kupisa kunetseka, coccidiosis dambudziko, salinity yemvura, nezvimwewo).Iyo yekuwedzera yekuwedzera ye betaine kuchikafu yakaratidza kuve inobatsira mumamiriro akasiyana uye kune akasiyana mhuka.

Izvo zvakanaka zvinokonzerwa ne betaine

Pamwe iyo yakanyanya kudzidzwa mamiriro ane chekuita nekubatsirika kwebetaine kushushikana kwekupisa.Mhuka zhinji dzinogara mutembiricha yezvakatipoteredza inodarika nzvimbo yavo yekudziya yekunyaradza, zvichitungamira mukushushikana kwekupisa.

Kupisa kushushikana mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakakosha kuti mhuka dzidzore chiyero chemvura.Nekugona kwayo kuita seanodzivirira osmolyte, betaine inobvisa kushushikana kwekupisa sezvinoratidzwa semuenzaniso nekudzikira kwetembiricha yerectal uye kushomeka kwemaitiro emabroiler.

Kuderedzwa kwekushushikana kwekupisa mumhuka kunokurudzira kudya kwavo kudya uye kunobatsira mukuchengetedza kushanda.Kwete mubroilers chete, asiwo muzvidimbu, nguruve, tsuro, mombe dzemukaka uye nyama yemombe, mishumo inoratidza kubatsira kwebetaine mukuchengetedza kushanda panguva yekupisa pamwe nekunyorova kwepamusoro.Zvakare, kutsigira hutano hwematumbo, betaine inogona kubatsira.Maseru emudumbu anogara achioneswa kune hyperosmotic yemukati memukati uye kana manyoka, dambudziko reosmotic remasero aya rinotokwira.Betaine yakakosha pakuchengetedza osmotic yemasero emukati.

Kuchengetedzwa kwechiyero chemvura uye chiyero chesero kuburikidza ne intracellular accumulation ye betaine inoguma nekuvandudzwa kwegut morphology (yakakwirira villi) uye zviri nani digestibility (nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwe enzyme yakanyatsogadziriswa uye kuwedzera kwepamusoro kwekudya kwekudya).Izvo zvakanaka zvinokonzerwa nebetaine pahutano hwematumbo zvinonyanya kutaurwa mumhuka dzakapikiswa: semuenzaniso huku ine coccidiosis uye nguruve dzinorumurwa.

Betaine inozivikanwawo sechitunha modhifa.Iwo akawanda mabasa e betaine anoita basa muprotein-, simba- uye mafuta metabolism yemhuka.Zvese zviri zviviri muhuku nenguruve, goho repamusoro renyama yemazamu uye goho renyama yakaonda zvichiteerana, zvinoshumwa munhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvesainzi.Iko kuunganidzwa kwemafuta kunokonzeresa kuderera kwemafuta emukati mezvitunha, kuvandudza kunaka kwechitunha.

Betaine sechinhu chinosimudzira kuita

Zvese zvinoshumwa zvakanaka zve betaine zvinoratidza kukosha kwekudya uku.Kuwedzerwa kwebetaine pakudya saka kunofanira kutariswa, kwete chete sechinhu chinotsiva mamwe mamethyldonors uye kuchengetedza mari yekudya, asiwo sechinhu chinoshanda chekuwedzera kutsigira hutano hwemhuka nekuita.

Musiyano uripo pakati peaya maapplication maviri ndiwo dosage.Semethyldonor, betaine kazhinji inozoshandiswa mukudyisa pamadosi e500ppm kana kutodzika.Kuwedzera mashandiro kazhinji dosages ye1000-to-2000ppm betaine inoshandiswa.Aya madosi epamusoro anoguma neine unmetabolised betaine, inotenderera mumuviri wemhuka, inowanikwa kuti itore nemaseru kuvadzivirira kubva (osmotic) kusagadzikana uye zvichizotsigira hutano hwemhuka uye kuita.

Mhedziso

Betaine ine maitiro akasiyana emhando dzemhuka dzakasiyana.Muchikafu chemhuka betaine inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekuchengetedza mari yekudya, asi inogona zvakare kuverengerwa mukudya kuvandudza hutano hwemhuka uye kuwedzera kushanda.Kunyanya mazuva ano, kwatinoedza kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kutsigira hutano hwemhuka kunokosha zvikuru.Betaine zvirokwazvo inokodzera nzvimbo mune rondedzero yemamwe bioactive komisheni kutsigira hutano hwemhuka.