Betaine dị ka choline na methionine, na-etinye aka na metabolism otu methyl n'ime imeju ma nyekwa otu methyl labile ya maka njikọ nke ọtụtụ ogige metabolic dị mkpa dị ka carnitine, creatine na homonụ (Lee eserese 1).

 

Choline, methionine na betain bụ ihe jikọrọ ya na otu methyl.Ya mere, mgbakwunye betain nwere ike ibelata ihe a chọrọ maka ndị na-enye onyinye methyl ndị ọzọ.N'ihi ya, otu n'ime ngwa betaine a ma ama na nri anụmanụ na-edochi (akụkụ nke) choline chloride na tinye methionine na nri.Dabere na ọnụ ahịa ahịa, ngbanwe ndị a n'ozuzu na-echekwa ụgwọ nri nri, ebe ị na-ejigide nsonaazụ arụmọrụ.

Mgbe a na-eji betaine dochie methyldonors ndị ọzọ, a na-eji betaine eme ihe dị ka ngwa ahịa, nke pụtara na dose nke betaine na nhazi ndepụta nwere ike ịdị iche ma dabere na ọnụahịa nke ogige ndị metụtara ya dị ka choline na methionine.Mana, betaine abụghị naanị nri methyl na-enye onyinye na nsonye betaine na nri kwesịrị ịtụle dị ka ụzọ isi melite arụmọrụ.

Betaine dị ka osmoprotectant

E wezụga ọrụ ya dị ka methyldonor, betain na-arụ ọrụ dị ka osmoregulator.Mgbe betaine na-adịghị metabolised site na imeju na methyl otu metabolism, ọ na-abịa dị maka cell iji dị ka organic osmolyte.

Dị ka osmolyte, betaine na-abawanye njide mmiri intracellular, mana ọ ga-echebekwa akụkụ cellular dị ka protein, enzymes na DNA.Ngwongwo osmoprotective nke betain dị ezigbo mkpa maka mkpụrụ ndụ na-enwe nrụgide (osmotic).N'ihi mmụba nke ntinye betaine nke intracellular ha, sel ndị nwere nrụgide nwere ike ichekwa ọrụ ha nke ọma dị ka mmepụta enzyme, mmegharị DNA na mmụba cell.N'ihi nchekwa nke ọma nke ọrụ cellular, betaine nwere ike nwee ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ anụmanụ karịsịa n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide pụrụ iche (nrụgide okpomọkụ, ịma aka coccidiosis, salinity mmiri, wdg).Mgbakwunye betain na nri egosila na ọ bara uru n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche yana maka ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche.

Mmetụta dị mma nke betain

Eleghị anya ọnọdụ a kacha mụọ gbasara mmetụta bara uru nke betain bụ nrụgide okpomọkụ.Ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-ebi na okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-agafe mpaghara nkasi obi okpomọkụ ha, na-eduga ná nrụgide okpomọkụ.

Nchegbu okpomọkụ bụ ọnọdụ a na-ahụkarị ebe ọ dị mkpa ka ụmụ anụmanụ na-edozi nguzozi mmiri ha.Site n'ikike ya ime ihe dị ka osmolyte na-echebe, betaine na-ebelata nrụgide okpomọkụ dị ka egosipụtara dịka ọmụmaatụ site na okpomọkụ dị ala na obere akpa ume na broilers.

Mbelata nrụgide okpomọkụ na ụmụ anụmanụ na-akwalite oriri nri ha ma na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ.Ọ bụghị naanị na broilers, kamakwa n'ígwé, ịgha mkpụrụ, oke bekee, mmiri ara ehi na ehi ehi, akụkọ na-egosi mmetụta bara uru nke betaine na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ihu igwe dị ọkụ yana oke iru mmiri.Ọzọkwa, iji kwado ahụike eriri afọ, betain nwere ike inye aka.A na-ekpughere mkpụrụ ndụ eriri afọ n'ihu na ọdịnaya hyperosmotic nke eriri afọ na ọ bụrụ na afọ ọsịsa, ihe ịma aka osmotic maka sel ndị a ga-adị elu.Betaine dị mkpa maka nchebe osmotic nke sel eriri afọ.

Idozi itule mmiri na olu cell site na nchịkọta intracellular nke betaine na-ebute mmụba nke morphology gut (villi elu) na mma mgbaze (n'ihi enzyme nke ọma na-edozi nke ọma na elu elu maka absorption nke nri).Mmetụta dị mma nke betaine na ahụike eriri afọ na-apụtakarị n'ime anụmanụ ndị aka mgba: dịka anụ ọkụkọ nwere coccidiosis na ịhapụ ara piglet.

A na-akpọkwa Betaine dị ka ihe mgbanwe anụrị.Ọtụtụ ọrụ nke betain na-ekere òkè na protein-, ume- na abụba metabolism nke anụmanụ.Ma n'ime anụ ọkụkọ na ezì, mkpụrụ nke anụ ara dị elu na anụ na-esighị ike n'otu n'otu, na-akọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ sayensị.Ịchịkọta abụba na-ebutekwa obere abụba nke ozu, na-eme ka ịdịmma anụ ahụ dịkwuo mma.

Betaine dị ka ihe nkwalite arụmọrụ

Mmetụta dị mma niile a kọrọ na betain na-egosi etu nri a nwere ike isi baa uru.Ya mere, ekwesịrị ịtụle mgbakwunye betain na nri, ọ bụghị naanị dị ka ngwa ahịa iji dochie methyldonors ndị ọzọ na ịchekwa ụgwọ nri, kamakwa dị ka mgbakwunye na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado ahụike na arụmọrụ anụmanụ.

Ihe dị iche n'etiti ngwa abụọ a bụ usoro onunu ogwu.Dị ka methyldonor, a na-ejikarị betaine eme ihe na nri na usoro nke 500ppm ma ọ bụ ọbụna dị ala.Iji kwalite arụmọrụ, a na-eji usoro betain 1000 ruo 2000ppm.Usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị a dị elu na-ebute betaine na-enweghị metabolised, na-ekesa n'ime ahụ ụmụ anụmanụ, dị maka sel iji chebe ha pụọ ​​​​na nrụgide (osmotic) na n'ihi ya na-akwado ahụike na arụmọrụ anụmanụ.

Mmechi

Betain nwere ngwa dị iche iche maka ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche.N'ime nri anụmanụ, enwere ike iji betain dị ka ngwa ahịa maka ịchekwa ọnụ ahịa nri, mana enwere ike itinye ya na nri iji kwalite ahụike anụmanụ yana ịkwalite arụmọrụ.Karịsịa n'oge a, ebe anyị na-agbalị ibelata iji ọgwụ nje mee ihe, ịkwado ahụike anụmanụ dị oke mkpa.N'ezie, Betaine kwesịrị itinye na ndepụta nke ogige bioactive ọzọ iji kwado ahụike anụmanụ.