I-Tributyrin supplementation in fish and crustacean nutrition

Amafutha e-short-chain fatty acids, okuhlanganisa i-butyrate kanye namafomu ayo asuselwe, asetshenziswe njengezithako zokudla ukuze ahlehlise noma athuthukise imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona yezithako ezitholakala ezitshalweni ekudleni kwe-aquaculture, futhi abe nenqwaba yemiphumela eboniswa kahle yomzimba kanye neyokuthuthukisa impilo izilwane ezincelisayo nemfuyo.I-Tributyrin, i-butyric acid derivate, iye yahlolwa njengesengezo ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo, okunemiphumela ethembisayo ezinhlotsheni eziningana.Ezinhlanzini nama-crustaceans, ukufakwa kokudla kwe-tributyrin kusanda kwenzeka futhi akufundwanga kangako kodwa imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ingaba wusizo kakhulu ezilwaneni zasemanzini.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezidla inyama, ukudla kwazo okudingeka kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe yinhlanzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusimama kwemvelo nokonga komkhakha.Umsebenzi wamanje ubonisa i-tributyrin futhi wethula imiphumela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwayo njengomthombo wokudla we-butyric acid ekuphakeleni kwezinhlobo zasemanzini.Okugxilwe kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokuthi i-tributyrin, njengesithasiselo sokudla, ingaba negalelo kanjani ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo zasemanzini ezisekelwe ezitshalweni.

Amagama angukhiye

aquafeed, butyrate, butyric acid, short-chain fatty acids, triglyceride

1. I-Butyric acid nempilo yamathumbuIzilwane zasemanzini zinezitho ezimfushane zokugaya ukudla, isikhathi esifushane sokugcina ukudla emathunjini, futhi iningi lazo alinaso isisu.Amathumbu anemisebenzi emibili yokugaya nokumuncwa.Amathumbu abaluleke kakhulu ezilwaneni zasemanzini, ngakho anezidingo eziphakeme zezinto zokudla.Izilwane zasemanzini zinesidingo esikhulu samaprotheni.Inani elikhulu lamaprotheni ezitshalo aqukethe izinto ezilwa nomsoco, njenge-cotton rapeseed meal, ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekudleni kwasemanzini esikhundleni sokudla kwezinhlanzi, okuvame ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni noma ukugcotshwa kwamafutha, okubangela ukulimala kwamathumbu ezilwaneni zasemanzini.Umthombo wamaprotheni wekhwalithi ephansi unganciphisa kakhulu ukuphakama kwe-mucosa yamathumbu, ukufiphala noma ngisho nokuchitha amangqamuzana e-epithelial, futhi ukwandise ama-vacuoles, angagcini nje ngokukhawulela ukugaya nokumuncwa kwezakhi zokudla, kodwa futhi kuthinta ukukhula kwezilwane zasemanzini.Ngakho-ke, kuphuthuma kakhulu ukuvikela umgudu wamathumbu ezilwane zasemanzini.I-Butyric acid iyiketango elifushane elinamafutha acid etholakala ekuvubeleni kwamagciwane asiza emathunjini afana ne-lactic acid bacteria kanye ne-bifidobacteria.I-Butyric acid ingamuncwa ngokuqondile ngamaseli e-epithelial emathunjini, okungenye yemithombo yamandla eyinhloko yamaseli e-epithelial emathunjini.Ingakhuthaza ukwanda nokuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana emathunjini, igcine ubuqotho bamangqamuzana e-epithelial emathunjini, futhi ithuthukise umgoqo we-mucosal emathunjini;Ngemuva kokuthi i-asidi ye-butyric ingene kumaseli ebhaktheriya, ibola ibe yi-butyrate ion nama-hydrogen ion.Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-ion e-hydrogen kungavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi njenge-Escherichia coli ne-Salmonella, kuyilapho amagciwane azuzisayo njengama-bacterium e-lactic acid anda ngobuningi ngenxa yokungazweli kwe-asidi, ngaleyo ndlela enze kahle ukwakheka kwezitshalo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla;I-asidi ye-Butyric ingavimbela ukukhiqizwa nokubonakaliswa kwezici ze-proinflammatory ku-mucosa yamathumbu, ukuvimbela ukusabela kokuvuvukala, nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu;I-Butyric acid inemisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba empilweni yamathumbu.

2. I-Glyceryl butyrate

I-Butyric acid inephunga elingajabulisi futhi kulula ukuyishintsha, futhi kunzima ukufinyelela ekugcineni kwamathumbu ukuze idlale indima ngemva kokudliwa izilwane, ngakho ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni.I-Glyceryl butyrate iwumkhiqizo onamafutha we-butyric acid ne-glycerin.I-Butyric acid ne-glycerin ziboshwe ngamabhondi ahlangene.Azinzile ukusuka ku-pH1-7 kuya ku-230 ℃.Ngemva kokudliwa izilwane, i-glyceryl butyrate ayiboli esiswini, kodwa ibola ibe yi-butyric acid kanye ne-glycerin emathunjini ngaphansi kwesenzo se-pancreatic lipase, ikhiphe kancane i-butyric acid.I-Glyceryl butyrate, njengesengezo sokuphakelayo, isebenziseka kalula, iphephile, ayinabo ubuthi, futhi inokunambitheka okukhethekile.Ayixazululi kuphela inkinga ukuthi i-asidi ye-butyric kunzima ukuyengeza njengoketshezi futhi iphunga elibi, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa inkinga ukuthi i-butyric acid kunzima ukufinyelela i-intestinal tract uma isetshenziswa ngokuqondile.Kubhekwa njengenye yezinto eziphuma phambili ze-butyric acid kanye nemikhiqizo ye-anti histamine.

2.1 I-Glyceryl Tributyrate ne-Glyceryl Monobutyrate

I-Tributyriniqukethe ama-molecule angu-3 e-butyric acid kanye ne-molecule eyodwa ye-glycerol.I-Tributyrin ikhipha kancane i-butyric acid emathunjini ngokusebenzisa i-pancreatic lipase, ingxenye yayo ekhishwa ngaphambi kwamathumbu, futhi ingxenye yayo engafinyelela ngemuva kwamathumbu ukuze idlale indima;I-Monobutyric acid glyceride yenziwa i-molecule eyodwa ye-butyric acid ebophezela endaweni yokuqala ye-glycerol (isayithi le-Sn-1), elinezici ze-hydrophilic ne-lipophilic.Ingafinyelela ekugcineni kwamathumbu ngejusi yokugaya ukudla.Enye i-butyric acid ikhishwa yi-pancreatic lipase, kanti enye imuncwa ngokuqondile amaseli e-epithelial amathumbu.Ichithwa ibe yi-butyric acid kanye ne-glycerol kumaseli e-mucosal emathunjini, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-intestinal villi.I-Glyceryl butyrate ine-polarity yamangqamuzana kanye ne-nonpolarity, engangena ngempumelelo kulwelwesi lwe-hydrophilic noma i-lipophilic cell wall ye-bacterial pathogenic main, ihlasele amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya, ibhubhise ukwakheka kwamaseli, futhi ibulale amagciwane ayingozi.I-Monobutyric acid glyceride inomphumela oqinile we-antibacterial ku-bacterial gram-positive kanye ne-gram-negative, futhi inomphumela ongcono we-antibacterial.

2.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glyceryl butyrate emikhiqizweni yasemanzini

I-Glyceryl butyrate, njengokuphuma ku-butyric acid, ingakhulula ngempumelelo i-butyric acid ngaphansi kwesenzo se-pancreatic pancreatic lipase, futhi ayinaphunga, izinzile, iphephile futhi ayinazinsalela.Ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotics futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufuyweni kwezilwane zasemanzini.UZhai Qiuling et al.wabonisa ukuthi lapho i-100-150 mg/kg i-tributylglycerol ester yengezwa ekudleni, izinga lokuzuza isisindo, izinga elithile lokukhula, imisebenzi yama-enzyme ahlukahlukene okugaya nokuphakama kwe-intestinal villi ngaphambi nangemva kokwengezwa kwe-100 mg/kg i-tributylglycerol ester ingakwazi. kwandiswe kakhulu;U-Tang Qifeng nabanye abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukwengeza i-1.5g/kg i-tributylglycerol ester ekudleni kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhula kwe-Penaeus vannamei, futhi kunciphise kakhulu inani le-pathogenic vibrio emathunjini;UJiang Yingying et al.ithole ukuthi ukwengeza i-1g/kg ye-tributyl glyceride ekudleni kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokuzuza kwesisindo se-Allogynogenetic crucian carp, kunciphise i-coefficient yokuphakelayo, futhi kwandise umsebenzi we-superoxide dismutase (SOD) ku-hepatopancreas;Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-1000 mg / kgi-tributyl glycerideekudleni kungakhuphula kakhulu umsebenzi wamathumbu we-superoxide dismutase (SOD) we-Jian carp.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2023