Ke hoʻāʻo mau ʻia nei nā ʻano hoʻolālā meaʻai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo o nā broilers.Loaʻa iā Betaine nā waiwai kūikawā no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo no ka mea he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke koena osmotic, metabolism nutrient a me ka hiki antioxidant o nā broilers.Akā ma ke ʻano he aha ia e hāʻawi ʻia ai e hoʻohana i kāna mau pono āpau?

Ma kahi noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia ma ka Poultry Science, ua hoʻāʻo nā mea noiʻi e pane i ka nīnau ma luna ma o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana ulu broiler a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo me nā ʻano ʻeluabetaine: anhydrous betaine a me hydrochloride betaine.

Loaʻa ka Betaine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai ma kahi ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika.ʻO nā ʻano mea kaulana loa o ka feed-grade betaine he anhydrous betaine a me hydrochloride betaine.Me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka ʻiʻo moa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano mahiʻai ikaika i ka hana broiler e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahana.Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kēia hana koʻikoʻi i nā broilers, e like me ka maikaʻi ʻole a me ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO kahi koho antibiotic maikaʻi i ka moa

ʻO ke kūʻē like ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻono maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana ʻiʻo.No laila, ua ho'āʻo ʻia nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo o nā broilers i loaʻa i ka betaine ka nānā nui ʻana ma muli o kāna mau meaʻai a me nā hana physiological.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka betaine ka beets kō a me kā lākou mau huahana, e like me ka molasses.Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa nō hoʻi ka betaine ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai me nā ʻano meaʻai kaulana loabetaineʻo ia ka betaine anhydrous a me ka betaine hydrochloride.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka betaine, ma ke ʻano he methyl donor, i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke koena osmotic, ka meaʻai momona a me ka hiki antioxidant o nā broilers.Ma muli o nā ʻano molekala like ʻole, hōʻike ka betaine anhydrous i ka solubility ʻoi aku ka nui o ka solubility i ka wai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hydrochloride betaine, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i kona mana osmotic.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻoulu ka betaine hydrochloride i ka emi ʻana o ka pH i loko o ka ʻōpū, a laila hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ka anhydrous betaine.

ʻO nā meaʻai

Ua hoʻomaka kēia haʻawina e noiʻi i ka hopena o 2 ʻano betaine (anhydrous betaine a me hydrochloride betaine) i ka hana ulu, ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo a me ka mana antioxidant o nā broilers.ʻO ka huina o 400 mau moa broiler kāne hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 5 mau pūʻulu a hānai ʻia i 5 mau meaʻai i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā lā 52.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu betaine 2 i equimolar.Penei na mea ai.
Manaʻo: Ua hānai ʻia nā broilers ma ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu i ka ʻai ʻai kulina-soybean
ʻAʻai betaine anhydrous: Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai basal me 2 mau kiʻekiʻe o ka 500 a me 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine.
ʻAʻai betaine Hydrochloride: Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai basal me 2 mau kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi o 642.23 a me 1284.46 mg/kg hydrochloride betaine.

Ka hana ulu a me ka hua ʻiʻo

I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka meaʻai me ka nui o ka betaine anhydrous nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka hānai ʻana, hoʻemi i ka FCR a hoʻonui i ka ʻiʻo o ka umauma a me ka ʻūhā ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mana a me nā pūʻulu betaine hydrochloride.Ua pili pū ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ulu ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka waiho ʻana o ka protein i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻiʻo o ka umauma: ʻO ka betaine anhydrous kiʻekiʻe i hoʻonui nui ʻia (e 4.7%) maʻiʻo protein maʻemaʻe i loko o ka ʻiʻo umauma aʻo ka hydrochloride betaine kiʻekiʻe i hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo o ka umauma. (e 3.9%).

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hopena no ka mea hiki i ka betaine ke komo i ka pōʻai methionine e mālama i ka methionine ma o ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he methyl donor, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka methionine no ka synthesis protein muscle.Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo like i ke kuleana o betaine i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hōʻike gene myogenic a me ke ala hōʻailona like-insulin-like growth factor-1 e makemake i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o ka protein muscle.

Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻono ka betaine anhydrous, a ʻo ka hydrochloride betaine ka ʻawaʻawa, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka palatability a me ka ʻai ʻana o nā broilers.Eia kekahi, pili ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka absorption i kahi epithelium ʻōpū paʻa, no laila hiki i ka osmotic capacity o ka betaine ke hoʻopilikia i ka digestibility.Hōʻike ka Anhydrous betaine i ka mana osmotic ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hydrochloride betaine ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe solubility.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka digestibility o nā broilers i hānai ʻia me ka betaine anhydrous ma mua o nā mea hānai hydrochloride betaine.

ʻO ka ʻiʻo post-mortem anaerobic glycolysis a me ka mana antioxidant ʻelua mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo.Ma hope o ke kahe ʻana, hoʻololi ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen i ka metabolism muscular.A laila, hiki ʻole mai ka glycolysis anaerobic a hoʻoulu i ka hōʻiliʻili lactic acid.

I loko o kēia haʻawina, ʻo kahi meaʻai i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine anhydrous kiʻekiʻe i hoʻemi nui i ka ʻike lactate i loko o ka ʻiʻo umauma.ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka lactic acid ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka pH muscle ma hope o ka luku ʻana.ʻO ka pH kiʻekiʻe o ka umauma umauma me ka betaine supplementation kiʻekiʻe i loko o kēia haʻawina i manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka betaine ke hoʻopili i ka glycolysis post-mortem muscle e hoʻēmi i ka hōʻiliʻili lactate a me ka denaturation protein, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e hoʻemi ai i ka pohō.

ʻO ka oxidation ʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka lipid peroxidation, kahi kumu nui o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo e hōʻemi ana i ka waiwai meaʻai i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano.I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ʻo ka meaʻai i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine kiʻekiʻe i hoʻemi nui i ka ʻike o ka MDA i nā ʻiʻo o ka umauma a me ka ʻūhā, e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka betaine ke hoʻēmi i ka pōʻino oxidative.

ʻO nā hōʻike mRNA o nā genes antioxidant (Nrf2 a me HO-1) i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hui betaine anhydrous ma mua o ka meaʻai betaine hydrochloride, e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke antioxidant muscle.

Manaʻo ʻia ka dosage

Mai kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻoholo nā mea noiʻi e hōʻike ana ka betaine anhydrous i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o ka hydrochloride betaine i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu ulu a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo o ka umauma i nā moa broiler.Hiki i ka anhydrous betaine (1,000 mg/kg) a i ʻole equimolar hydrochloride betaine supplementation ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo o nā broilers ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻiʻo lactate e hoʻonui ai i ka pH hope loa o ka ʻiʻo.E noʻonoʻo ana i ka hana ulu a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine no nā broilers.