Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudya kunovaka muviri dziri kuramba dzichiedzwa kuvandudza kunaka kwenyama yebroilers.Betaine ine zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuvandudza kunaka kwenyama sezvo ichiita basa rakakosha mukudzora osmotic balance, nutrient metabolism uye antioxidant kugona kwemabroilers.Asi muchimiro chipi chinofanira kugoverwa kuti ishandise zvikomborero zvayo zvose?

Muchidzidzo chechangobva kuitika chakaburitswa muPoultry Science, vaongorori vakaedza kupindura mubvunzo uri pamusoro nekuenzanisa kukura kwebroiler uye mhando yenyama nemhando mbiri dze.betaine: anhydrous betaine uye hydrochloride betaine.

Betaine inonyanya kuwanikwa sechikafu chekuwedzera mune fomu yakacheneswa makemikari.Mafomu anozivikanwa ekudya-giredhi betaine ndeye anhydrous betaine uye hydrochloride betaine.Nekuwedzera kudyiwa kwenyama yehuku, nzira dzekurima dzakasimba dzakaunzwa mukugadzirwa kwebroiler kuti hubudirire.Nekudaro, kugadzirwa kwakasimba uku kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pamabroilers, senge kugara zvakanaka uye kuderedzwa kwenyama.

Inoshanda antibiotic imwe nzira muhuku

Kupokana kunoenderana nekuti kuvandudza mararamiro zvinoreva kuti vatengi vanotarisira kuravira zviri nani uye zvigadzirwa zvenyama zviri nani.Nokudaro, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudya kunovaka muviri dzakaedzwa kuvandudza nyama yemhando yebroilers umo betaine yakagamuchira kutariswa kwakanyanya nekuda kwehutano hwayo uye hwepanyama.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Zvinowanzowanikwa nebetaine ishuga beet uye zvigadzirwa zvawo, senge molasses.Zvakangodaro, betaine inowanikwawo seyekuwedzera yekudya neanonyanya kufarirwa mafomu ekudyisa-giredhibetainekuva anhydrous betaine uye hydrochloride betaine.

Kazhinji, betaine, semethyl donor, inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora osmotic balance, nutrient metabolism uye antioxidant kugona kwemabroilers.Nekuda kweakasiyana mamorekuru zvimiro, anhydrous betaine inoratidza kunyungudika kwakanyanya mumvura zvichienzaniswa nehydrochloride betaine, nekudaro ichiwedzera kugona kwayo osmotic.Sezvineiwo, hydrochloride betaine inokonzeresa pH kuderera mudumbu, nekudaro zvichikanganisa kutorwa kwechikafu nenzira yakasiyana neanhydrous betaine.

Zvokudya

Chidzidzo ichi chakananga kuferefeta mashandiro emhando mbiri dze betaine (anhydrous betaine uye hydrochloride betaine) pakukura kwekukura, mhando yenyama uye antioxidant kugona kwemabroilers.Huwandu hwe400 huchangobva kuchechenywa hono dzebroiler dzakakamurwa zvisina tsarukano mumapoka mashanu uye dzakadyiswa 5 kudya kwekudya kwemazuva makumi mashanu nemaviri.

Iwo maviri betaine masosi akagadzirwa kuti ave akaenzana.Madyiro acho aive akadai.
Kudzora: Broilers muboka rekutonga vakadyiswa chibage-soybean meal basal diet
Anhydrous betaine kudya: Basal kudya kunowedzerwa ne2 concentration mazinga e500 uye 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine.
Hydrochloride betaine diet: Basal diet yakawedzerwa ne2 concentration levels ye642.23 uye 1284.46 mg/kg hydrochloride betaine.

Kukura kwekuita uye goho renyama

Muchidzidzo ichi, kudya kwakawedzerwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro anhydrous betaine yakanyanya kunatsiridza kuwanda kwehuremu, kudya kwekudya, kuderedza FCR uye yakawedzera goho rezamu uye chidya chemhasuru kana ichienzaniswa nezvose kutonga uye hydrochloride betaine mapoka.Kuwedzera kwekuita kwekukura kwakabatanidzwawo nekuwedzera kweprotein deposition inocherechedzwa mumhasuru yemazamu: High-dose anhydrous betaine yakawedzera zvakanyanya (ne4.7%) crude protein yemukati mumhasuru yemazamu uku iyo yakanyanya-dose hydrochloride betaine yakawedzera mazamu mhasuru isina kuchena protein yemukati. (ne3.9%).

Zvakataurwa kuti mhedzisiro iyi inogona kunge iri nekuti betaine inogona kutora chikamu mune methionine kutenderera kuti irege methionine nekuita semethyl donor, nekudaro methionine yakawanda inogona kushandiswa kumisumbu yemapuroteni synthesis.Izvo zvakafanana zvakapihwawo kune basa rebetaine mukudzora myogenic gene kutaura uye insulin-yakafanana nekukura factor-1 nzira yekusaina iyo inofarira kuwedzera kwemhasuru protein deposition.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvakaratidzwa kuti anhydrous betaine inonaka, nepo hydrochloride betaine inovava, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunakidza kwechikafu uye kudya kwebroilers.Uyezve, maitiro ekugayiwa kwechikafu uye kutorwa kunoenderana neiyo intact gut epithelium, saka iyo osmotic kugona kwebetaine inogona kukanganisa kugaya.Anhydrous betaine inoratidza zvirinani osmotic kugona pane hydrochloride betaine nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo.Naizvozvo, mabroilers anodyiswa neanhydrous betaine anogona kunge aine kugaya zviri nani pane dziya dzakadyiswa hydrochloride betaine.

Tsandanyama post-mortem anaerobic glycolysis uye antioxidant simba zviratidzo zviviri zvakakosha zvemhando yenyama.Mushure mekubuda ropa, kupera kweokisijeni kunoshandura muscular metabolism.Ipapo anaerobic glycolysis inoitika zvisingadzivisiki uye inofambisa lactic acid kuunganidza.

Muchidzidzo ichi, kudya kunowedzerwa ne-high-dose anhydrous betaine kwakadzikira zvakanyanya lactate yemukati mumhasuru yemazamu.Lactic acid kuunganidza ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuti tsandanyama pH ideredze mushure mekuuraya.Iyo yepamusoro yemazamu tsandanyama pH ine yakakwira-dose betaine yekuwedzera muchidzidzo ichi yakaratidza kuti betaine inogona kukanganisa tsandanyama post-mortem glycolysis kuderedza lactate kuunganidza uye mapuroteni denaturation, izvo zvozoderedza kurasikirwa kwekudonha.

Nyama oxidation, kunyanya lipid peroxidation, ndicho chikonzero chakakosha chekudzikira kwemhando yenyama iyo inoderedza kukosha kwekudya uku ichikonzera matambudziko ekugadzirwa.Muchidzidzo ichi kudya kunowedzerwa ne-high-dose betaine kwakadzikira zvakanyanya zviri muMDA mumazamu nemhasuru dzechidya, zvichiratidza kuti betaine inogona kuderedza kukuvadzwa kweoxidative.

Iwo mRNA matauriro e antioxidant genes (Nrf2 uye HO-1) akanyanya kukwidziridzwa muanhydrous betaine boka pane nehydrochloride betaine kudya, zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kukuru mumhasuru antioxidant kugona.

Inokurudzirwa dosage

Kubva muchidzidzo ichi, vaongorori vakagumisa kuti anhydrous betaine inoratidza zvirinani mhedzisiro pane hydrochloride betaine mukuvandudza mashandiro ekukura uye goho remazamu muhuku dzebroiler.Anhydrous betaine (1,000 mg/kg) kana equimolar hydrochloride betaine supplementation inogonawo kuvandudza kunaka kwenyama yemabroilers nekuderedza lactate yemukati kuti iwedzere tsandanyama yekupedzisira pH, ichipesvedzera kugoverwa kwemvura yenyama kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekudonha, uye kuwedzera tsandanyama antioxidant kugona.Tichifunga nezvese kukura kwekuita uye kunaka kwenyama, 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine yakakurudzirwa kumabroiler.