Ho ntse ho lekoa mekhoa e fapaneng ea phepo e nepahetseng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba nama ea likhoho.Betaine e na le thepa e khethehileng ea ho ntlafatsa boleng ba nama kaha e na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola tekano ea osmotic, metabolism ea limatlafatsi le matla a antioxidant a likhoho.Empa e lokela ho fanoa ka sebōpeho sefe ho sebelisa melemo eohle ea eona?

Phuputsong ea morao tjena e hatisitsoeng ho Poultry Science, bafuputsi ba lekile ho araba potso e ka holimo ka ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea kholo ea likhoho le boleng ba nama le mefuta e 2 eabetaine: anhydrous betaine le hydrochloride betaine.

Betaine e fumaneha haholo-holo e le tlatsetso ea phepo ka mokhoa o hloekisitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale.Mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea li-feed-grade betaine ke anhydrous betaine le hydrochloride betaine.Ka tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea nama ea likhoho, mekhoa ea temo e matla e kentsoe tlhahisong ea likhoho ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso.Leha ho le joalo, tlhahiso ena e matla e ka 'na ea e-ba le liphello tse mpe ho likhoho tsa nama, tse kang boiketlo bo fokolang le boleng bo fokolang ba nama.

Mefuta e meng e sebetsang ea lithibela-mafu likhoho

Khahlano e tšoanang ke ea hore ho ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo ho bolela hore bareki ba lebelletse tatso e ntle le lihlahisoa tsa nama tsa boleng bo holimo.Ka hona, ho lekoa mekhoa e fapaneng ea phepo e nepahetseng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba nama ea likhoho tseo ho tsona betaine e fumaneng tlhokomelo e kholo ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona ea phepo e nepahetseng le ea 'mele.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Mehloli e tloaelehileng ea betaine ke li-sugar beet le lihlahisoa tsa tsona, tse kang molasses.Leha ho le joalo, betaine e boetse e fumaneha e le tlatsetso ea phepo e nang le mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea mofuta oa phepobetainee leng betaine ea anhydrous le hydrochloride betaine.

Ka kakaretso, betaine, joalo ka mofani oa methyl, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola tekano ea osmotic, metabolism ea limatlafatsi le matla a antioxidant a likhoho tsa nama.Ka lebaka la meaho e fapaneng ea limolek'hule, anhydrous betaine e bonts'a ho qhibiliha ho hoholo ha metsi ha ho bapisoa le hydrochloride betaine, ka hona e eketsa bokhoni ba eona ba osmotic.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, hydrochloride betaine e etsa hore pH e fokotsehe ka mpeng, ka hona e ka ama phepelo ea limatlafatsi ka mokhoa o fapaneng le oa anhydrous betaine.

Lijo tsa lijo

Boithuto bona bo ikemiselitse ho batlisisa phello ea mefuta e 2 ea betaine (anhydrous betaine le hydrochloride betaine) ts'ebetsong ea kholo, boleng ba nama le matla a antioxidant a likhoho tsa nama.Kakaretso ea litsuonyana tse 400 tse sa tsoa qhotsoa li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 5 'me tsa feptjoa lijo tse 5 nakong ea teko ea matsatsi a 52 ea ho fepa.

Mehloli e 2 ea betaine e entsoe hore e be e lekanang.Lijo li ne li le tjena.
Taolo: Li-broilers sehlopheng sa taolo li ne li feptjoa lijo tsa poone-soybean basal diet
Anhydrous betaine diet: Basal diet e tlatselletswa ka maemo a 2 a mahloriso a 500 le 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine.
Hydrochloride betaine diet: Basal diet e tlatselletsang ka maemo a 2 a mahloriso a 642.23 le 1284.46 mg/kg hydrochloride betaine.

Ts'ebetso ea kholo le tlhahiso ea nama

Thutong ena, lijo tse tlatsitsoeng ka tekanyo e phahameng ea anhydrous betaine e ntlafalitse haholo boima ba 'mele, ho ja lijo, ho fokotsa FCR le ho eketsa chai ea mesifa ea sefuba le ea serope ha e bapisoa le lihlopha tse peli tsa taolo le hydrochloride betaine.Keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea kholo e boetse e amahanngoa le ho eketseha ha protheine e bonoang mesifa ea matsoele: tekanyo e phahameng ea anhydrous betaine e eketsehile haholo (ka 4.7%) protheine e tala mesifa ea matsoele ha tekanyo e phahameng ea hydrochloride betaine e eketsa palo ea protheine ea mesifa ea matsoele. (ka 3.9%).

Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahiso ea hore phello ena e ka ba hobane betaine e ka kenya letsoho potolohong ea methionine ho boloka methionine ka ho sebetsa e le mofani oa methyl, kahoo methionine e eketsehileng e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa motsoako oa protheine ea mesifa.Tlhaloso e tšoanang e ile ea boela ea fuoa karolo ea betaine ea ho laola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa myogenic le tsela ea pontšo ea insulin-joaloka kholo ea 1 e ratang ho eketseha ha mesifa ea protheine.

Ho phaella moo, ho ile ha totobatsoa hore betaine ea anhydrous e na le tatso e monate, ha hydrochloride betaine e latsoa ho baba, e leng se ka amang tatso ea lijo le ho noa ha likhoho.Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea limatlafatsi le ho monya e ipapisitse le epithelium e sa fetoheng ea mala, kahoo matla a osmotic a betaine a ka ama tšilo ea lijo hantle.Anhydrous betaine e bontša bokhoni bo betere ba osmotic ho feta hydrochloride betaine ka lebaka la ho qhibiliha ha eona ho holimo.Ka hona, likhoho tsa nama tse feptjoang ka anhydrous betaine li ka ba le tšilo ea lijo hantle ho feta tse feptjoang ka hydrochloride betaine.

Mosifa oa post-mortem anaerobic glycolysis le matla a antioxidant ke matšoao a mabeli a bohlokoa a boleng ba nama.Ka mor'a ho tsoa mali, ho khaotsa ho fana ka oksijene ho fetola metabolism ea mesifa.Ebe anaerobic glycolysis e etsahala ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa mme e tsamaisa pokello ea lactic acid.

Phuputsong ena, lijo tse tlatsitsoeng ka tekanyo e phahameng ea anhydrous betaine li fokolitse haholo lactate ka har'a mesifa ea matsoele.Ho bokellana ha lactic acid ke lona lebaka le ka sehloohong la hore pH ea mesifa e fokotsehe ka mor'a polao.PH e phahameng ea mesifa ea matsoele e nang le tlatsetso ea tekanyetso e phahameng ea betaine thutong ena e khothalelitse hore betaine e ka ama glycolysis ea mesifa ea kamora lefu ho fokotsa ho bokellana ha lactate le protheine denaturation, e leng eona e fokotsang tahlehelo ea marotholi.

Oxidation ea nama, haholo-holo lipid peroxidation, ke lebaka la bohlokoa bakeng sa ho senyeha ha boleng ba nama e fokotsang boleng ba limatlafatsi ha e ntse e baka mathata a sebopeho.Phuputsong ena, lijo tse tlatsitsoeng ka betaine ea tekanyo e phahameng li fokolitse litaba tsa MDA ka har'a mesifa ea sefuba le ea serope, e leng se bontšang hore betaine e ka fokotsa tšenyo ea oxidative.

Lipolelo tsa mRNA tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa antioxidant (Nrf2 le HO-1) li ne li laoloa haholo sehlopheng sa betaine ea anhydrous ho feta ka lijo tsa hydrochloride betaine, tse tsamaellanang le ntlafatso e kholo ea matla a antioxidant a mesifa.

Tekanyetso e khothalelitsoeng

Ho tsoa thutong ena, bafuputsi ba fihletse qeto ea hore anhydrous betaine e bonts'a litlamorao tse ntle ho feta hydrochloride betaine ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kholo le tlhahiso ea mesifa ea matsoele ho likhoho tsa broiler.Anhydrous betaine (1,000 mg/kg) kapa equimolar hydrochloride betaine supplementation e ka boela ea ntlafatsa boleng ba nama ea likhoho tsa nama ka ho fokotsa lactate content ho eketsa pH ea mesifa ea ho qetela, ho susumetsa kabo ea nama ea nama ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea marotholi, le ho matlafatsa mesifa ea antioxidant.Ha ho nahanoa ka tšebetso ea kholo le boleng ba nama, 1,000 mg/kg ea anhydrous betaine e ile ea khothaletsoa bakeng sa likhoho tsa nama.