Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendlela zokondla ziyavavanywa rhoqo ukuphucula umgangatho wenyama yeenkuku.I-Betaine ineempawu ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula umgangatho wenyama njengoko idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukulingana kwe-osmotic, isondlo semetabolism kunye ne-antioxidant ye-antioxidant ye-broilers.Kodwa ifanele inikwe ngaluphi uhlobo ukuze isebenzise zonke iingenelo zayo?

Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kwiNzululwazi yeeNkukhu, abaphandi bazama ukuphendula lo mbuzo ungasentla ngokuthelekisa ukukhula kwebroiler kunye nomgangatho wenyama kunye neefom ze-2i-betaine: i-anhydrous betaine kunye ne-hydrochloride betaine.

I-Betaine ifumaneka ikakhulu njengesongezo sesondlo kwifom ehlanjululwe ngamachiza.Ezona ndlela zidumileyo ze-feed-grade betaine yi-anhydrous betaine kunye ne-hydrochloride betaine.Ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwenyama yenkukhu, iindlela zokulima kakhulu ziye zaziswa kwimveliso ye-broiler ukuphucula imveliso.Nangona kunjalo, le mveliso inamandla inokuba neziphumo ezibi kwi-broilers, ezifana nentlalontle ephantsi kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wenyama.

Enye indlela esebenzayo ye-antibiotic kwiinkukhu

Ukuphikisana okuhambelanayo kukuba ukuphuculwa komgangatho wokuphila kuthetha ukuba abathengi balindele ukungcamla okungcono kunye neemveliso zenyama ezingcono.Ke ngoko, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zezondlo ziye zazanywa ukuphucula umgangatho wenyama yeebroilers apho i-betaine ifumene ingqwalasela enkulu ngenxa yesondlo kunye nemisebenzi yayo yomzimba.

I-Anhydrous vs. i-hydrochloride

Imithombo eqhelekileyo yebetaine ziibhiti zeswekile kunye nemveliso yazo, njengemolasses.Nangona kunjalo, i-betaine iyafumaneka njengesongezo sesondlo kunye nezona ndlela zidumileyo zodidi lwesondlobetaineukuba yi-anhydrous betaine kunye ne-hydrochloride betaine.

Ngokubanzi, i-betaine, njenge-methyl donor, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ibhalansi ye-osmotic, i-nutrient metabolism kunye ne-antioxidant ye-antioxidant ye-broilers.Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zeemolekyuli, i-anhydrous betaine ibonisa ukunyibilika okukhulu emanzini xa kuthelekiswa ne-hydrochloride betaine, ngaloo ndlela inyusa amandla ayo e-osmotic.Ngokuchaseneyo, i-hydrochloride betaine ibangela ukuhla kwe-pH esiswini, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazele ukuthathwa kwezondlo ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-betaine e-anhydrous.

Izidlo

Olu pho nonongo luzimisele ukuphanda umphumo we-2 iifom ze-betaine (i-anhydrous betaine kunye ne-hydrochloride betaine) ekusebenzeni kokukhula, umgangatho wenyama kunye nomthamo we-antioxidant we-broilers.Ewonke amantshontsho angama-400 enyama yenyama esandula ukuqanduselwa aye ahlulwa ngokwamaqela ama-5 kwaye ondliwe izidlo ezi-5 ngexesha lolingo lokutyisa lweentsuku ezingama-52.

Imithombo emi-2 ye-betaine yaqulunqwa ukuze ilingane.Ukutya kwaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Ulawulo: Iibroilers kwiqela lolawulo zondliwa i-corn-soy bean meal basal diet
I-Anhydrous betaine diet: Ukutya okusisiseko kongezwa ngamanqanaba ama-2 oxinzelelo lwe-500 kunye ne-1,000 mg/kg i-anhydrous betaine.
I-Hydrochloride betaine diet: I-Basal diet yongezwa ngamanqanaba e-2 yoxinaniso lwe-642.23 kunye ne-1284.46 mg / kg ye-hydrochloride betaine.

Ukusebenza kokukhula kunye nemveliso yenyama

Kolu phononongo, ukutya okongeziweyo ngedosi ephezulu ye-anhydrous betaine kuphuculwe kakhulu ukuzuza ubunzima, ukutya ukutya, ukunciphisa iFCR kunye nokwandisa isivuno sesifuba kunye nethanga xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo kunye namaqela e-hydrochloride betaine.Ukonyuka kokukhula kokukhula kukwanxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kweprotheyini ejongwa kwisihlunu sesifuba: Idosi ephezulu ye-anhydrous betaine yonyuke kakhulu (nge-4.7%) isiqulatho seprotheyini ekrwada kwizihlunu zamabele ngelixa idosi ephezulu ye-hydrochloride betaine ngokwamanani yandise umxholo weprotheyini yesifuba. (nge-3.9%).

Kwacetyiswa ukuba esi siphumo sinokuba ngenxa yokuba i-betaine inokuthatha inxaxheba kumjikelo we-methionine ukugcina i-methionine ngokusebenza njenge-methyl donor, ngoko ke i-methionine eninzi ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheni yemisipha.Ubalulo olufanayo luye lwanikezelwa kwindima ye-betaine ekulawuleni ukubonakaliswa kofuzo lwe-myogenic kunye ne-insulin-efana nokukhula kwe-1 indlela yokubonisa ethanda ukwanda kweprotheyini ye-muscle.

Ukongeza, kwagxininiswa ukuba i-anhydrous betaine incasa eswiti, ngelixa i-hydrochloride betaine incasa ekrakra, enokuthi ichaphazele incasa yesondlo kunye nokutya kokutya kweebroilers.Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokugaya izondlo kunye nokufunxa ixhomekeke kwi-epithelium engaguqukiyo yamathumbu, ngoko ke amandla e-osmotic e-betaine anokuchaphazela ngokufanelekileyo ukugaya.I-Anhydrous betaine ibonisa umthamo ongcono we-osmotic kune-hydrochloride betaine ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okuphezulu.Ke ngoko, iibroilers ezondliwa nge-anhydrous betaine zinokugaywa ngcono kunezo zondliwa nge-hydrochloride betaine.

I-Muscle post-mortem i-anaerobic glycolysis kunye nomthamo we-antioxidant zizibonakaliso ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zomgangatho wenyama.Emva kokopha, ukuyeka ukunikezelwa kweoksijini kutshintsha i-muscular metabolism.Emva koko i-anaerobic glycolysis iyenzeka kwaye iqhube ukuqokelelana kwe-lactic acid.

Kolu phononongo, ukutya okongeziweyo ngedosi ephezulu ye-anhydrous betaine kunciphisa kakhulu umxholo we-lactate kwizihlunu zebele.Ukuqokelelwa kwe-lactic acid sesona sizathu siphambili sokuhla kwe-pH ye-muscle emva kokuxhela.Izihlunu zebele eziphezulu ze-pH ezinedosi ephezulu ye-betaine eyongezelelweyo kolu phononongo lucebise ukuba i-betaine inokuchaphazela i-post-mortem glycolysis ye-muscle ukunciphisa ukuqokelela kwe-lactate kunye ne-protein denaturation, ethi yona inciphise ilahleko yokuthontsiza.

I-oxidation yenyama, ngakumbi i-lipid peroxidation, sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuhla komgangatho wenyama okunciphisa ixabiso lezondlo ngelixa kubangela iingxaki zokuthungwa.Kolu phononongo ukutya okongeziweyo nge-dose ephezulu ye-betaine kunciphisa kakhulu umxholo we-MDA kwizihlunu zebele kunye nethanga, ebonisa ukuba i-betaine inokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative.

Iimpawu ze-mRNA ze-antioxidant genes (i-Nrf2 kunye ne-HO-1) zihlaziywe ngakumbi kwiqela le-betaine ye-anhydrous kune-hydrochloride yokutya kwe-betaine, ehambelana nokuphucula okukhulu kwi-muscle ye-antioxidant umthamo.

Idosi ecetyiswayo

Ukususela kolu phononongo, abaphandi baphetha ukuba i-anhydrous betaine ibonisa iziphumo ezingcono kune-hydrochloride betaine ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokukhula kunye nesivuno se-breast muscle kwiinkukhu ze-broiler.I-Anhydrous betaine (1,000 mg/kg) okanye i-equimolar hydrochloride betaine supplementation inokuphucula umgangatho wenyama yeebroilers ngokunciphisa umxholo we-lactate ukunyusa i-muscle ekugqibeleni i-pH, ukuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi enyama ukunciphisa ilahleko yokuthontsiza, kunye nokuphucula amandla e-antioxidant yemisipha.Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukusebenza kokukhula kunye nomgangatho wenyama, i-1,000 mg/kg i-anhydrous betaine yaye yanconywa kwiinkuku.